2 10 110 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/c12c2b05fc6fd75657dc3f895f0556d5.pdf dcc024759e9aea54e052406577483e83 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Call to end surveyors' fee-scale Subject The topic of the resource Article in Financial Times Description An account of the resource PROPOSALS WHICH could lead to the end of the fee-scale system of payment for Britain's sure veyors and architects were recommended in two reports from the Monopolies Commission yesterday. The reports concluded that surveyors' fee scales for property valuations and for property management. With the exception of those negotiated With clients' associations or public authorities, should be abolished. They recommended that while scales might continue to operate to cover architects' commissions and other types of surveying work. these should be determined by an independent conunittee in order- to protect the public interest. In addition. both types of business should In future be cutting, fewer practices and surveyors were operating against lower standards would quickly the public interest, the Com• ensue. mission said. The surveyors echoed these Building society survey fee cmnments and said that the scales did not operate against the Coin mission had seen fit to public interest but might do so recmmnend changes in the in the future. The Commission operation of scale fees which therefore recommended that would prove detrimental to the before any changes were made in the existing scale the Building Societies' Association should obtain the approval of the proposed independent committee. The Commission did not intend proposing any change in the scale system applying to surveying work involved in the com• pulsory purchase of land by public authorities, which was worked out in conjunction with the Inland Revenue. Where scales did continue to operate, it should be stated pronunently that they were not binding, that fees could be settled without reference to them and that suppliers of the services involved might quote fees in competition With others. the reports said. rchitects' Services and Surveuors' Services—two reports on the supply of sertuce.s u;ith reference to fee scales: SO; E2.S5 each. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource M Cassell Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10.11.77 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/f8a629a956cb8330fd4068debf64f03c.pdf 3781cff1fb9f7ec8b8b2ee0dd2d3b8c4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Unattached Arguments Subject The topic of the resource Article in Building Design Description An account of the resource before one was oneself in the position being a boss.” When Gradidge decidedtoset list. The RIBA spends its entire uponhisown,RIBArulesfortimesuggeit’satmiononpogly, welcoming recalcitrinatnottshe and that every architect is a fold were stricter than they are member. It does its best to today. ‘“‘They said, ‘Oh yes, we’d be delighted to have you, as long as you pay half of your entire back subscription,’ which would have added up to thous- ands of pounds! I don’t know whether or not they still have that requirement. But anyhow, that totally put meoff them for calls the Rotary Club factor: good.” Belief Many principals join because they believe that the Clients’ Advisory Service will get them work. Allan, a director in the I've been asked to give a talk firm Avanti Architects, isunim- about ‘‘Unattached”’ issues, pressed. ‘Having been part ofa where if you were unattached practice that was part of the you almost couldn’t drink in the CAS, I’m not aware of its ever same bar as people who were in having procured any work, or the RIBA.” that it was particularly active on Allan said that one of those the practice’s behalf. As far as things he has tried particularly we are concerned, the only to tackle has been the assump- reliable way of getting work is tion that non-members of the through the conscientiousness RIBA are somehow less quali- of your service and the quality of fied. ‘‘Quite a number of dis- your proposals. We are in the criminatory job advertisements RIBA directory, and I don’t have appeared for years in the think we’ve ever had any jobs architectural press, often put through that.’”? After a mom- out by public sector offices, ent’s thought, he qualified his stateme“Inthi:nk we were once of clean enor well as cut saves INFERIOR WOOD PRESERVATIVES CAN LET YOU DOWN BADLY.. The X Factor range will significantly outlast conven- Accidental chipping wil never expose 4 different asked to fix up a gay bar on the Ball’s Pond Road.” Gradidge seemed similarly suggest this on every occasion. And of course it’s not true. The general public is deeply misled over this matter.” Perhaps of more practical effect for many than either the List of Members or the Clients’ Advisory Service is what Allan ned todecorat Institutions vene the Standard of Conduct.’ But now that the unattached were not required to observe the sceptical. ‘‘Well I suppose it’s RIBA code, didn’t that mean jobs for the boys. If the RIBA that a member was now obliged under the Arcuk code, iti conceivable that you co penalised for incompeten tice, whereas that is not c by the RIBA Code. Fi latter, you’re only oblis carry out your duties fait In the case of Arcuk, obliged to carry ther faithfully and conscientio. The way Arcuk statistics are held make it difficult to make accurate observations about the employment status of the una- ttached. But it’s probably true that most of them are salaried. Despite —or perhaps because of — the efforts of the salaried Architects Group, the idea that the RIBA isstillaclubfor *‘boss architects” seems hard to shift. Even so, many hold off from coming out too strongly against the institute because they look forward to being bosses them- selves one day. To do otherwise would be about as logical as a group of militant grubs pro- testingagainstbeetles.becauseoneisn’tonthatbloody|Asaaeeeea —| t:arender you represented 100 per cent of to offer a higher standard of architects then it would be service? Not in Allan’s view. perfectly proper, because they could hand out the jobs to the right person. But in many cases the right architect isjust the sort of person who wouldn’t be a done so, decide for yourself member of the RIBA.” whether the Arcuk Standard of In his view, the institute Conduct is or is not more already enjoys an unfair ad- demanding than the RIBA vantage, thanks to a long- Code.” According to Allan, a standing misunderstanding am- “performance specification” ongst the public: “It’s always narked me that people still think that I’m not really an architect, approach is likely to be more effective than the RIBA’s com- plex set of rules. ‘‘For example “These institutions /‘at where the marketplace is a needing only th water, “Out in the real backwoodlands perhapsa little bit more crude than it is in London and the South-east, it does seem to bea lot more significant than it does here. Ihave been to places where incidentally. Nowsuch practices may be considered to contra- white finish is re ‘< one-coat technique Demanding “Read the code and having Perhaps surprisingly, A philosophical about the ence ofthe institute: “Alls vocational market secto have professional associ: That’s more or less inev and I don’t see much px simply mouthing off agai RIBA for the sakeof it. guesswork that c variations Incol consistency. time-saving co ate to decora te - late rd n an immaculate even when 4 quired. his ® here 1snO . arating. risk of layers SERS" ARGUMENTS arend isacoloured|render, texxture,, aand eatherprotection alinon p inonesingleswiftoperation,Iti" DYnt compatiblewithalnormalreners vat ‘cht ingre- | colour, either, e aeonSee oe Cullarend|isasi Ted in the same bag, | colour nig through. Neola e addition 3 appili Specification is sir fied, too, because 4 S| product specificatior now sufficient to COV! rendering needs — int as well as external. Blue Circle’s cor research and develor and itsunrivalled e ence of thebuilding try are enabling t plasterers to creat better finishes In ab« the normal tme eliminating the tra: 1-2 weeks’ delay fo! and the need for d ing. The key: ‘0! mously on time .aS ting out the an cause our and Further mes from not needing to return at a also means that t | |Name |address | eR Rae [- Categories Our High Performance _ weather sinpping on designed for the alesman. IF you’re an architect, the chances are that you’re a member of the RIBA. But have you ever thought seriously about why you joined? Did you do it as a gesture of solidarity with the profession? Did you join as soon as you could after you qualified, in celebration of your newly- attained status? Did you join it for the library, for the bar, or perhaps for the half-price lec- ture tickets? Or were you terror- ised into believing, as some still do, that if you wanted to join later, you'd be forced to pay half of all your back subscriptions since you qualified? Whatever the reasons, the vast majority of architects do join. In 1985, RIBA_ member- ship numbered 20,462, out of a total of 28,044 UK-registered architects — that’s 73 per cent. Most of the remainder, whe- ther they like it or not, are represented in Arcuk by the Unattached group. Compared with the fully-funded opera- tions of the institute, elected councillor John Allan and his colleagues have an uphill strug- gle. Nobody paysasubscription to the Unattached — a case of representation without taxa- tion. _ SpecifyAstolat High performance windows designed for Britain’s climate {BEaerT 5-9 OCTOBER 1986 EARLS COURT, LONDON Make space inyour diary for Building 86—it could be the most important day's work you do this year. Return the coupon for your advance registration details. Please send me advance registration cards and exhibition details 1\ } ae u The Exhibition for these changing times. Return to Building 86, Advance Registration, 11 Manchester Square London W1M SAB ance and inertia that suits the institute fine.” Allan has been an elected Arcuk Councillor for 10 years. “Until we became involved Arcuk had become more or less taken over as a sort of RIBA subcontractor. For example, until four years ago Arcuk gave statutory status to the RIBA Code. There’s no earthly reason why it should. And there’s no reason why people who are not members of the RIBA should be obliged because they're regist- ered under Arcuk to observe the rules of an institute to which they don’t belong. “More recently, under un- typically non-partisan chair- manship, Arcuk has correctly distinguished its role from that of the RIBA in the matter of education and, in so doing, made a valuable contribution towards the maintenance of standards. This independent stance would have been incon- ceivable 10 years ago; and I should like to think that the activity of the Unattached in recent years has been a con- tributory factor in this process of emancipation. What hasto be appreciated isthat becauseofits statutory responsibilities, Ar- cuk has a higher role than to serve any constituent profes- sional interest.” Roderick Gradidge, by con- trast, is the most isolated of conscientious objectors: in his own words “totally disenfran- chised ...not even attached to the Unattached”. The serious- ness with which he views the matter is markedly less than Allan’s; and his response to my question why he wasn’t a member was hearty laughter. “When I left the AA it didn’t strike me that it was going to serve a very useful purpose for me, and ‘having qualified, I didn’t bother to join. I don’t particularly like the RIBA, and as you know Ithinkit wasatthat time very mucha bosses’ union. That was in those happy days Allan cites three categories of Unattached — the conscient- ious objectors, those who don’t need to join a professional association because their boss, partner or spouse is a member, and the apathetic. Can one articulate apathy? Are there in any case really all those seasoned professionals out there who, though assiduous in pursuit of their clients’ interest, just couldn’t care less when it comes to professional matters? Italked separately to Allan, principal in an architec- tural co-operative and, by contrast, Roderick Gradidge, noted eccentric and one-man band. “T do believe that many newly qualified students simply join the RIBA out of a conditioned reflex,” says Allan, ‘assuming that in some way or other you have to, to practise as an architect. The last moment to deal with this misinformation Is of course Part I] — but then most of those running the professional practice courses are themselves RIBA members who may not really understand the position anyway, and are therefore almost bound to present the professional con- stitution from an RIBA view- point. It’s a mixture of ignor- e@motives of those who don't? ferent examples. Gradidge’s essential objec- tion was more personal. ‘The trouble with the RIBA isthatit’s impossible to move them by resoirdgoinnganiythninggelse, They’re such a solid lump of professional nonentities. ronthe vene the Standard of Conduct.’ But now that the unattached were not required to observe the RIBA code, didn’t that mean that a member was now obliged to offer a higher standard of service? Not in Allan’s view. Demanding “Read the code and having done so, decide for yourself whether the Arcuk Standard of Conduct is or is not more demanding than the RIBA Code.” According to Allan, a “performance specification”’ approach is likely to be more effective than the RIBA’s com- plex set of rules. “‘For example 7 under the Arcuk code, itisquite conceivable that you could be penalised for incompetent prac- Roderick Gradidge Architect. tice, whereas that is not covered Everyone from Christopher by the RIBA Code. For the Wren to Edwin Lutyens has latter, you’re only obliged to tried to call themselves Archi- carry Out your duties faithfully. tect. Nobody I know who’s of In the case of Arcuk, you're any quality really is tryingtocall obliged to carry them out himself ARIBA” — or chart- faithfully and conscientiously.” ered architect?, I ventured — Independent minds: Roderick Grad idge and Edwin Lutyens. ‘Ait in one single swift Decorative Projection Render togE A t: arender need ion aal weather protectionop k ea Perhaps surprisingly, Allan is “or chartered architect, a re- philosophical about the exist- volting expression! enceof theinsti‘tAlultsoerts:of “T work as an architect, and vocational market sectors will I’m much more interested in have professional associations. being an architect than all this That’s more or less inevitable, damn nonsense about profes- and I don’t see much point in sionalism . . . anyhow, I’m simply mouthing off against the Master Elect of the Art Work- RIBA for the sakeof it. ers’ Guild. That’s much more ‘“These institutions exist. important!” you decorate. STORE | uy ‘er aeprpre to creale ever because the same way ternal - —) BUILDING DESIGN, September 12, 1986 25 They’re probably 19th century cultural products, but there they are. And people who want to join themcan join them. What I think is not acceptable is if statutory bodies such as Arcuk, which were set up with a fairly clear brief from Parliament to achieve certain public interest objectives are, if you like, hijacked by the RIBA —either benignly or otherwise — to promote RIBA policy.” “As you know, I call myself NEW RENDER TECHNOLOGY Blue Circle : Le PRECISION PRE-MIXED RENDER, COLOUR, TEXTURE, WEATHER PROTECTION w Thevery finest traditional ingredients, CULLASENID | } render, texture, and — Opel colour one.Projection-applied compatible with alnorma colour, either, Cullarend 1s colour right the h... Specification issimp fied, too, because a single product specification now sufficient to cover a rendering needs ~ 1n as well as external. research and development and itsunrivalled experi: ence of the building indus- are enabling today S$ eration, it1sfully |render substrates. Blue Circle's constant To have al the right ingre- dients accurately Pre- mixed in the same bag. needing only the adaition of clean water. saves enormously on wume as well as cutting out the guesswork that can apn variations in colour an consistency. Further time-saving comes from not needing to return at a later date to decorate even when an immaculate WA white fimish is required. 7 precision-mixed in a 40kg bag. m No more guesswork. @ No risk of colour variation. w The plasterer simply adds clean water, mixes, and applies by Projection in one continuous operation from stad to finish, texturing as required. = Completion time: less than 48 hours (not 1-2 weeks, as with ordinary render and decoration). m No further decoration required — even to obtain an immaculate white finish! w No risk of layer separation or of surface Gamage revealing 4 different Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource T Ostler Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 12.9.86 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/c5d3166f8948caec4513a0ef949e060c.pdf 1e3ab9ac91474305cb7258a7fda60fb6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource JA Letter Subject The topic of the resource JA Letter to T. Ostler commenting on draft article, plus 2pp. of JA notes Description An account of the resource O 39/41 NORTH ROAD LONDON N] 9DP Telephone 01 700 4161 13th August 1986 Timothy Ostler Esq The Arch 7 a Highbury Grange LONDON N5 Dear Timothy Ostler, I am returning the draft article you kindly sent me, marked up with my comments and supplemented by some further observations or inserts which I have keyed to the text . I hope these points are helpful and can be incorporated. contact me if there are any difficulties in doing So or if you have any further queries. JOHN ALLAN John Alan MA. (Edin.), B A. Hons., Dip. Arch., MA (Sheffield), Architect. Richard Barton B.A , B.Arch , (Ncle)., R.I.B A, John Cooper B A. (Cantab ) Dip. Arch., Architect Justin DeSylias M Sc , (IJCL), AA Dip u Architect, Geraldine O'Riorddn d Arch.(Dublin I-JCD) Architect A Co-operative Practice registered under the industrial & Provident Societies Act 1965 Registration No.23270R In Defence of the Unattached (/430 words approx. ) q If you're an architect, the chances are that you're a member of the RI BA. But have you ever thought seriously about why you joined? Did you join it as a gesture of soli±rity with the profession? Did you join as soon as you could after you qualified, in celebration of your status? Did you join it for the library, for the bar , or perhaps for the half- price lecture tickets? Or were you terrorised into believing, as some still d), that if you wanted to join later, you'd be forced to pay/ half of all your bæk subscriptions since you qualified? Whatever the reasons, the vast majority of architects join. In 1985, RIBA membership numbered , out of a total UK- registered architects - that's €+. 7209% Most of the remainder , whether they like it or not, are in ARCUK by the Q../ectnd Co u.nco' Unattached group. Compared with the fully-funded operations of the Institute, John S 4 Allan and his colleagues have an uphill struggle. Notmy pays a subscription to the Unattached. It's a case of representation without taxation. Allan cited three categories of Unattached - the conscientious objectors, those who don't need to joi ecause their boss, partner or spouse is a member , and the apathetic. Can one articulate apathy? Are there in any case really all those seasoned professionals out there who, though assiduous in pursuit of lheir clients' interest, just couldn't care less Oe.ecl•.kb.-ch.we...l when it comes to professional matters? I talked separately to Allan nd, in contrast, R&'ick Gradige, noted eccentric and one- man band. John 'Allan has been a ARCUK Councillor for 10 years. 'Until we became i volved,'he said, IARCUK become more or less taken over as a sort of RIBA subcontractor. - l - ago ARCUK gave statutory status to the RI BA Co&. There's no earthly reason why it should. And there's no reason why people who are not members of the RIBA should be bæause they're registered un±r ARCUK to observe the of an institute to which they (hn't belong.' Gradige on the other hand is the most isolated of conscientious objectors. In his own words he is 'totally disenfranchised... not even attached to the Unattæhed. i He laughed heartily when I him why he wasn't a member 'When I left the AA,' he explained, l it didn't strike me that it was going to serve a very useful purpose for me, and having qualified, 1• didn't bother to join. I (fini t particularly like the RIBA, and as you k.now I think it was at that time very much a bosseS union. That was in those happy before one was oneself in the position of being a boss: The figuræ just chn•t exist to make it easy to make any wcurate observalions about the 2>9 1' But it's probably true that most of them are salaried. Despite - or perhaps beause of - the efforts of the SAOs, the icEa that the RIBA is still a club for 'boss architects' seems hard to shift. Even so, many hold off from coming out too strongly against the Institute because they look forward to being bosses themselves one To do otherwise would be about as as a group of militant grubs protesting against the activities of beetles. When Gradige to set up on his own, RIBA rules for welcoming recalcitrants into the fold were stricter than they are todö/. 'They said, "Oh yes, we l d be ±lighted to have you, as long as you pay half of your entire back subscription" - which would have ached up to thousands of pounds! I know whether or not they' still have that requirement. But anyhow, that totally put me off them for oü. Many principals join because they believe that the Clients' AWisory Service will get them work. Allan, who is in the firm Avanti Architects, is unimpressed. 'Having been � part of a prætice that was part of the CAS, I'm not aware of its eve havin any work, or that it was particularly active on the practice's behalf e are in the RIBA Directory, and I (hn l t think wea ve ever any jobs through that.' After a moment's thought, he his statement: 'l think we were once asked to fix up a gay bar on the Ball's Pond ' RCA Ro&rick sæmed similarly sceptical. 'Well I suppose it's jobs for the boys; he said. 'If the RIBA represented 1 of architects then it would be perfectly proper , because they could hand out the jobs to the right person. But in many cases the right architect is just the sort of person who wouldn't be a member of the RI DA. j In his view , the RIBA already enjoys an unfair thanks 10 a longstanding misunderstanding amongst the public: 'It's alwoys narked me that people still think that I'm not really an architect, because one isn't on that list. The RIBA spends its entire time suggesting its a monopoly , and that every architect is a member. It its best to this on every occasion. And of course it's not true. The general public is deeply misled over this matter. Perhaps of more practical effect for many than either the List of Members or the Clients' AWisory Service is what Allan the Rotary Club factor: 'Out in the real backwoodlands where the marketplace is a perhaps a little bit more crude than it is in and the South-East, it tes seem to be a lot more significant than it here. I have bæn to plæes where I've been asked to give a talk e*e.en about I Unattæhed' issues, where if you were people who were in the RIBA. Allan said that one of those things he has tried particularly to tackle has been the assumption that non-members of the RIBA are somehow less qualified. 'Quite a number of > 24 Ju/v / 986 ND. re/ (01.) 354 2991 discriminatory job the RIBAi s co&, didn't that mean that a member was now oblioa] to offer a higher stanchrd of service? Not in Allan's view. 'Read the he said, 'and having d)ne so, deci± for yourself whether the standard of conduct by ARCUK is or is not higher than the Code.' According to Allan, a 'performance specification' approach is likely to be more effective than the RIBAs complex set of rules. 'For example; he said, l uncbr the ARCUK cc&, it is that you could be penalised for incompetent prætice, whereas that is not covered by the RIBA C&kou're only to carry out your duties faithfully. In the case of ARCUK, you're obliged to carry them out faithfully and conscientiously Perhaps surprisingly, Allan was philosophical about the existence of the Institute: 'All sorts of vocational market sectors will have professional associations; he said. • That's more sake of it. 'These institutions exist,' he went on. 'They're probably nineteenth century cultural products, but there they are. And people who want to join them can join them. What I think is not acceptable is if statutory bodies such as ARCUK which were set up with a fairly clear brief from Parliament to æhieve certaikobjectives are, if you like, by the RIBA either benignly or otherwise - as a means of promoting RIBA policy.' Gradioe's essential objection was more personal. 'The trouble with the RIBA is that it's impossible to move them by resigning or d)ing anything else. They're such a solid lump of professional nonentities. I work as an architect, and 1 1 m much more interested in being an architæt than all this damn nonsense about professionalism - he seemed to remember something - anyhow, I'm Master Elect of the Art Workers' Ouild. That's much more important!' But it was hard to know how to respond to eradigel s main argument: IAS you know, I call myself Gradige Architect. Everyone from Christopher Wren to Edwin Lutyens has tried to themselves Architect. NobO I know who's of any quality really is trying to call himself ARIBA 'Or Chartered Architect? I ventured. '...or Chartered Architect - a revolting expression!'o Ends c � am the — It is RIBA I do believe that many newly qualified students simply join the RIBA out of a 'conditioned reflex' , assuming that in some way or other yo ave to to practise as an architect. The last moment to deal with this misinformation Is of course at Part 111, but then most of those running the Professional practice courses are themselves RIBA members who may not really understand the position anyway andk therefore almost bound to present the professional constitution from an R. I. B.A. viewpoint. It Is a mixture of ignorance and Inertia which suits the Institute fine. Your figures aren't quite correct — see enclosed excerpt from ARCUK Annual Report. In fact Unattached numbers represent just over 30% of Rel. B, A. numbers, a proportion which has been rising steadily. (Over— seas architects are not counted). This could confuse. The Unattached 'denomination' only has significance in the context of ARCUK. Our subscriptions' are thus in effect the annual Retention Fee which everyone must pay to remain on the Register. Incidentally, judging from the more or less constant row about RIBA subs, I would hardly describe their operations as 'fully—funded — but that's only an Impression. More recently, under untypical ly non—partisan chairmanship, ARCUK has correctly distingul{d its role from that of the RIBA in the matter of architectural education, and in so doing, made a valuable contribution the maintenance standards. This independent stance would been years ago and I of the In recent years this emancipation' , in like to think that the been a contributory has to be appreciated ARCUK has a higher that of Not quite so. ARCUK publishes the names and business addresses of all architects, and holds on computer the names of Unattached as such, From this it would be relatively easy to identify principals and salaried staff — If you had the time 7. The general Impression given In the article — In inverted commas or otherwise, I can't tell — is that not being a member of the RIBA Is a form of deviance. This reminds me slightly of the way the Tory party regard anyone who is not on owner—occupier. As far as we are concerned, the only reliable way of getting work is through the conscientiousness of your service and the quality of your proposals� ao the — It ig RIBA I do believe that nevi y qualified students simply join the RIBA out of a 'conditioned reflex % assuming that In some way or other youhave to to practlse as an architect. The last moment to deal with this misinformation is of course at Part 111, but then most of those running the Professional practice courses are themselves RIBA members who may not really understand the position anyway and therefore almost bound to present the professional constitution from an R. I. B.A. viewpoint. It 1B a mixture of ignorance and inertia which suits the Institute fine. Your figures aren't quite correct see enclosed excerpt from Annual Report. In fact Unattached numbers represent just over of R.I.P,.A. nuwberg, a proportion which bas been rising steadily. (Over— seas architects are not counted). this could confuse. The Unattached • denordnatiou t only has significance in the context of ARCUK. Our 'subscriptions' are thus In effect the annual Retention Pee which everyone must pay to remain on the Register. Incidentally, judging from the taore or less constant row about RIBA subs, 1 would hardly deecribe their operations as 'fully—funded' — but that's only an Impression. 5. More recently, under untypical ly non—partisan chairmanship, ARCUK has correctly distinguised its role from that of the RIBA in the matter of architectural education, and In so doing, made a valuable contribution the maintenance standards. This independent stance would been years ago and 1 of the In recent years this emancipation'. In like to think that the been a contributory has to be appreeiated ARCUK has a higher that of Not quite so. ARCUK publishes the names and business addresses of all architects, and holds on computer the names of Unattached ag such. Frou this it would be relatively easy to identify principals and salaried staff — if you had the time The general Impression given In the article — In inverted commas or otherwise, I can t e tell — is that not being a aember of the RIBA is a form of deviance. Thig reEuinds me slightly of the way the Tory party regard anyone who is not 01) owner—occupier. As far as ve are concerned, the only reliable way of getting work Is through the conscientiousness of your service and the quality of your proposals.� am the it ig R I GA T do believe that many newly qualified students simply join the RIBA out of a 'conditioned reflex % assuming that some way or other youhave to to practise as an architect. The last noment to deal with this cnisinformation is of course at Part 111, but then most of those running the Professional practice courses are themselves RIBA members who may 110t really understand the position anyway and therefore a Imost bound to present the professional constitution from an R. T. P, A viewpoint e is a Lai *ture of i snorance and i aertia which suits the hastitute fine. Vouc f i cures aren't quite correct — see enclosed excerpt from AltCUK Report. In fact (Snatcacbed nuvohers represent just over of a proportion which has been rising steadily. (Over— seas architects are not counted). 1 his could confuse. The Unattached 'denomination' only has significance t lie context of ALRCUI% Our subscriptions' are thus in effect the annual Ratention Pee which everyone na-jst pay to oxy the Register. Tncicielitai-ty, judging frorc the wore or lees conr3tant row about: I would hardly describe their operations as ' fully—funaed' but that 's only an impression. 5. More recently, under untypical Iy non—partlgan chaiC%1anship, +FCIJ< has correctly distingulgcd Its role from that of the RIBA in toe of architectural education, and in so doing, cm•ÅrrihtJtion the itaintenanee strsndards. This •,uooid been years ago and i of the in recent years 'emancipation in to chat t ne a cotitributory Has to a p eceeiatec\ h a s Not quite so. ARCUK publishes the names and business addresses of all architects, and holds on computer the names of Unattached as such. From this it would be relatively easy to identify principals and salaried staff — if you had the time The general impression given In the article — in inverted commas or otherwise, I can't tell — is that not being a uember of the RIBA is a form of deviance. This reminds me slightly of the way the Tory party regard anyone who is not on owner—occupier. As far as we are concerned, the only reliable way of getting work Is through the conscientiousness of your service and the quality of your proposals. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource JA Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 13. 8.86 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/00751c7e4728f3875b28e4e55f7ae410.pdf 285da6d2f4610270a2cda0671a5b833e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letters Subject The topic of the resource Letters from and to David Barclay of RIBA Fees Committee Description An account of the resource 67, Romilly Road, London, N. 4, 22nd May, 1978 David Barclay, Esq. , c/o Fees Committee, R I B A 66 Portland Place, London, YIN 4AD Dear Mr. Barclay, I have been asked to reply on behalf of representatives of the 'Unattached Architects' , ARCIJK, to the letter recently addressed to Ken Thorpe by yourself on the subject of our report "Way Ahead". It will certainly be possible for you to a copy of this document, a second edition of which iB due to be published shortly on our behalf by The New Architecture Movement, 9 Poland Street, London, W. 1. , to whom a request with remittance should be sents Since you mention that your committee iB approaching the question with a very open mind, it may be helpful to mention that in the new fee system we propose the Conditions of Engagement would cease to exiBt — their present components of fees and services being separately embodied in the Recommended Fee Tables and the Contract of Engagement respectively. Our ideas for t bege new arrangements, which have been in process of formulation since the original NAM Monopolies Report, May 1976, are currently being drafted for discussion. We should perhaps also add that since any new fee system ig now required to operate in the public interest, it will be inappropriate for the R.I. B.A. to promulgate such documents, which should consequently originate from the Independent Committee (viz. Monopolies Commission Report, parae 279 ff. the prefä•ably reconstituted ARCUK, or some other publicly accountable body. Thank you again for your enquiry, Yours sincerely, John S. Allan Royal Institute of British Architects 66 Portland Place London WIN 4AD 001-580 5533 Chief Executive W. D. Edmonds, M.A. our reference: DID/SRT/MC 11th May, 1978 K. Thorpe Esq. , 109 Caduggan Terrace, London, E9. Dear Mr. morpe, I understand from the Registrar of ARCUK that you may have been involved in the preparation by the Monopolies Croup of the New Architecture Movement of proposals for a new fee system for architects. All I know of this is what has been reported in the technical press. The Fees Committee here is considering the form that new Conditions of Ehgagement might take, and at present have a very open mind on this subject. It would undoubtedly be helpful to them to know more of your proposals and I wonder, therefore, whether we could receive a copy of the complete document, which I understand is entitled "Way Ahead". I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, David Barclay Education and Practice Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource JA/ D.Barclay Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May-78 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/22998c43220daecc16d2d0d5de76ab16.pdf 1be2aab6289d046f05ce2ee5a40b8871 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Architects' Services", Monopolies Commission Report (see p.68 for ref. to NAM's Report Description An account of the resource Architects’ Services A Report on the Supply of Architects’ Services with Reference to Scale Fees ve LONDON THE MONOPOLIES AND MERGERS COMMISSION i Ordered by The House of Commons fo be printed 8th November 1977 | Presented to Parliament in pursuance of Section 83 of the Fair Trading Act 1973 HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE £2.85 net existing with mandatory scales which alreadytake account ofmany of the varied circumstances of individual jobs and where fees may be varied with the agree- ment of the professional body. But the pressure on architects to reduce fees is yery strong in view of the cyclical nature of the demand for their services. A switch from mandatory to recommended status for the RIBA scales would be interpreted as an invitation to negotiate by most large clients with their fiscal responsibility to ratepayers or shareholders, and architects under economic pressure would be unable to resist. In such circumstances it would be difficult to hold to recommended levels and the effects of a change to recommended scales would be likely to be little different from the effects of abolishing the scales altogether. We asked the RIBA about the possibility of a change being made after a period of notice. The RIBA considered that this would not help either the individual practice or the profession as a whole to resist the increased pressure from clients which would develop in the expectation of recommended scales. Evidence of the New Architecture Movement 213. The New Architecture Movement was founded in 1975 and states that it is working to alter radically the patronage base in architecture, so that ordinary working people may exercise effective control over their environment. Its programme covers action in the three spheres of practice, education and the professional constitution. Members of the Association are drawn from al areas of architectural activity in addition to the lay public. In the former category salaried architects in private practice form the majority, though local authority officers, teachers and students are also a significant element. The Movement’s ‘contact list’ in June 1976 numbered slightly over 200 and was claimed to be rising as the movement gathered momentum. We sent a copy of its 3% » 214. The New Architecture Movement does not support the RIBA’S case, and therefore submitted its own arguments independently. The substance of the Movement's case is that the current scale fee system is not an essential ingredient of the provision of architectural Services, but is a market device procuring uni- lateral benefits to architects. The Movement criticises arguments and statistics Supporting the RIBA’s case, and considers that the public interest is severely based on a ‘descending hierarchy of priorities’ as follows: (i) abandonment of the mandatory minimum fee scale entirely; (ii) retention of the fee scale on a recommended basis; prejudiced by the fee scale’s mandatory status. It proposes changes to the system (iii) retention of the mandatory fee scale, but with the establishment of @ permanent independent agency to review the levels of the scale: sucehe angency to include at least 50 perper cent non--professioinal repre fe 215.. With the New Architecture Moyement’s co:nsent, submission to the RIBA. The RIBA made it clear to us that it did not accept the New Architecture Movement’s arguments. The RIBA says that it is con- VLianceedtathrathitheecevieewsaexpressed in the Movement’si _—Isi are unrepresenta- ey \ » 3 Ye e ] és, Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource MMC Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived John Allan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 8.11.77 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/c8185c525740ab62c1e609425bac4fda.pdf 64ba8a1b3a2ba6d5ec693bb6af9a4f14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professionalism Subject The topic of the resource 9 page report on aspects of the professional in architecture Description An account of the resource ANNE DELANEY Cardiff NAM Group November 1976 PROFESSIONALISM CONTENTS 1 0 The "ideal type" professional 0 Area of controversy in the theory of professions. Disatisfaction with the profession o? architecture 40 Barriers to "positive" practice of architecture. 5. Professionalism as ideology. 60 Archi tecture re—located. Re—location of architecture illustrated, Conclusion. 90 References. 1. TYPE"' PROFESSIONAL Much has been •written about the "sociology of the professions" 0 From the mass of literature on the subject, three 0012B ecsentialg of the ideal type professional emerge. . a knowledge base. autonomy 3. service ideal 1 . knowledge' It is seen as a responsibliity of a professional to be• knowledgeable. large part of this professional knowledge is considered to come only from experience. Possession of this knowledget is seen to carry with it some degree of exclusivity, which is explained by the fact that the knowledge itselR is "exclusive" Or esoteric or specific to that profession. 2. autonomy This implies the professional's right be be judged by his/her peers were no planning control at all, there would be a great deal to scream about, and aesthetic chaos would reign. Just think of all those unimaginative clients you have had; just think of all those nol'Ä architects getting away with plain murder". (2) The professional's justification for •allowing only architects to get- away with plain murder, is the cl•åim to specialised knowledge outlined above. 3 9 service ideal The Service ideal is implicit in the professional t s supposed view of his work as a "vocation" or •n calling't o The •base for this "vocation" in architecture seems to be a combination . of what might be called evangelism, utopian vision, and social conscience. Another R IBM quote; "The obj ect (of architecture) is to demonstrate that ordered human activi ty• is wonderful that human life really is worthwiile and can become miraculous when developed, and that poverty of feeling and thought ig the real evil and tthe root of econimic poverty" 0 (3) The second arm OE the service ideal is the supposed vi al truism of professionals. This altruism is said to take several forms professionally. The first is non—comercialismo RIBAJ quote nog 3: "The essence of professional practice is service; profit, if there be any, should always take second place in the motivation". (4) The second form altruism is said to take is that of disinterestedness, balancing the "often contradictory demands (of clients) by maintaining a rigid, and often detached, professionalism" 0 (5) Altruism is further seen as necessary in enabling the professional to be advocate of the "long term View'% Quote; "The battle i'g to persuade or force someone who has a partial view to accept that there are overall considerations which must averride his requirements. it is a in these sorts of terms that "professionalism" is discussed in sociological theory. 2. AREA OF CONTROVERSY IN THEORY OF PROFESSIONS All this is not to suggest that such a discussion is purely academic or neutral. An area of controversy appears to exist around the subj ect, and two main themes or viewpoints about professionalism emerge. first I've termed "POSITIVE", the second "NEGATIVE". 1. First the "positive" What are some of the defences of professionalism? To put it crudely who thinks professionalism is a "good" thing, and why? early defend(rof professionalism was Emile Durkheim who considered "that the break—up of the traditional moral order initiated by the fragmenting division of labour, would be rectified only by the formation of moral communes based upon occupational membership". The function of the professions was, he believed, to bring cohesion to a society "lacking in stability, whose discipline it is easy to escape, and whose existence is not always felt". He saw the professions as distinct from industry and trade, where "individuals, while connected by competition, (were) almost entirely removed from the moderating effects of obligations" (6) In 19219 R H Tawney was saying that we lived in an "acquisitive society" where community interest had been almost entirely subverted self— interest 0 He saw professionalism as the "major force capable of subjugating rampant individualism to the needs of the community". (7) It has been suggested that professions are to be distinguised from other occupations by their "altruism", which is expressed in the service" orientation of professional people. A 1939 argument against state control ran as follows: "(Individualism) may mean the belief that the individual is the true unit of service, because service depends on individual qualities and individual judgement supported by individual responsibility which cannot be shifted onto the shoulders of others. That is the essence of professionalism, and it is not concerned with self—interest but with the welfare OE the client" (8) Talcott Parsons, too, held the view that professions are activated by the cormon good, and could be dis t inguised by their "collectivity orientation rather than self—orientation". He took this as an assurance that "science would be applied in the service of man". (9) As recently as 1970t Paul Halmos has written about the "personal service society", with professionals as "the leaders in the creation of a new moral uniformity, a moral order influencing all industrial societies, whatever their political structure" 0 (10) In this context, the professions are seen as one of our most effective counter—revolutionary forceso In 1933 Carr—Saunders and Wilson were claiming that the professions "inherit, preserve, and pass on a tradition • they engender modes of life, habits of thought, and standards of judgement which render them centres of resistance to crude forces which threaten steady and peaceful evolution . the family, the church, and the universities, certain associations of intellectuals, and above all the great professions, stand like rocks against which the waves raised by those forces beat in vain". (11) 2. What about the "negative" viewpoint? Who thinks professionalism is a "bad thing, and why? Max Weber did not distinguish much between the consequences Of profes— sionalism and bureaucratisation seeing both processes as expression of the increasing rationalisation of Western ciVi1isationo The professional, as technician or expert, was caught up in the bureaucratic machine, his/her function being to bring "knowledge to the service of power?? • (12) C Wright Mills feared that the professions were increasingly succumbing to what he termed a "managerial domiurge" • "Much professional work has become divided and standardised and fitted into now hierarchical organi— sations intensive narrow specialisation has replaced self—cultivation cmd wide knowledge successful professional men become more and more the managerial types". (13) Michael Young in "The Rise of the Meritocracyt has argued that the fusion of knowledge and power has created a new kind of professional—technocrat who is in process of replacing existing ruling groups. This has been termed the "managerial revolution" and it has been suggestdd that this revolution consists of a "drive for dominance, for power and privilege, for the position of ruling class" by managers and professionals. 3.0 DISSATISFACTION WITH PROFESSION OF ARCHITECTURE This begins to describe the theory of professions, but what about the practice as opposed to the theory? How does this theory manifest itself in practice? Peter Shepheard, in his introduction to Malcolrn Mac-Ewen's book t Crisis in Architecture' gays that architects "seem oblivious or even contemptuous of the fact that much of their work is hated by the poeple who live with it. They tend to accuse the public of lack of taste for not appreciating the formal qualities of brutal and inhuman buildings whi h one can only assume to have been built for the admiration of other archi tects. Nothing is more urgent for the future of architecture than that architects should develop a deeper sense of responsibility as the creators of large parts of our environrnentqc (15) Malcolm MacEwen says "if architects have used human needs as a camouflage for other motives, and have succumbed to mechanistic fallacies, they have been almost alone in tending to see their buildings in a human and social context rather than, . as the other design professions, as technical solutions to technical problems. There. remains in architecture a solid, core of able men and women who want to serve society, if it will let themj and have useful skills for doing (16) This seems to be borne out by Alan Lipman's findings in his analysis of "architecural belief systems" that "architects tend to place the satisfaction of human need at the centre of their professional objectives"' (17) We could think of Alan Lipman t s architects as potentially opitomising what I have called the "positive" view of professionalism. How they? can we explain his findings in the light of evident current dissatisfaction with the architectural profession? Architects purporting to support the 49positivect view of professionalism 9 when their theory does not find expression in their practice, c•on be explained in a mumber of ways. 1 . Their proclaimed aggreement with the ."positivett view is a convenience which allows them the privileges afforded to professionals by virtue of, their supposed "positive" aspects, William Goode has described the process of professionaliéation as a series •of bargains struck between an occupation and society; in return for increased social status, the occupation imposes restraints on the behaviour of its members in the public interest. (18) For instance, one of the advantages of being termed "professional" is, as I said th .earlier, the degree of autonomy that implies. Peter Shepheard has touched on this when he talks of architects building "for the admiration o? other archi tectset . And there are advantages in terms of status and power to architects setting themselves up as arbiters of taste. 20 Another explanation might be that architects might well be motivated by the"positive view of professionalism, but find barriers in the way of their bringing that view to bear on their practice. 4. BARRIERS TO "POSITIVE" PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE It would be a sterile exercise to attempt a guess as to what proportion of architects fall into each group It seems more constructive to assume that there are some architects who fall into the second category, and to look at some of the "barriers" they might encounter in attempting to put their theories into practice. The first barrier is the simple need to make a living. "I now question whether a big practice can over •remain truly professional. big fish needs lots to feed on, and I know how desperate a matter it can become to cover overheads and maintain prestige work teams" 0 (19) second barrier is the imposi tion of statutory constraintso Malcolm MacEwen has said "In the public sector, governments have deliberately depressed standards — of accommodation, services, facilities, landscape, and design through ruthless use of the armoury of controls at their disposal 0 The architect's job can be reduced to, a dehumanising exercise in cutting costs and already low standards". (20) A third barrier is the profit motive. MacEwen again: "the biggest and most important jobs in development work rarely go• •to the "best" architects. They go to those who can satisfy the criteria . of the public or private developers, who, need a professional service, but may not require a sense of responsibility to those who live in or use the buildings, or a high level of design skill, or the determination to achieve a reasonable standard of quality for all the users. Architects who practice in the private sector confirm that the aim of the developer is the maximum exploitation of the site but this has important implications for the choice of archi tecto (21) Quote from Owen Ludor: n In comercial development, the most successful architects are those who understand property values and the mechanics of property development, as well as a clear appreciation of building costs. ffhough the archi tect's ability to produce "good architecture" had been relatively unimportant in the past, this had changed because good design and environment (my emphasis) help to sell the scheme" (22) Barrier 4 can be called the bureaucratisation of the profession. The Bains report on management in local authorities spelt it out — once the architect has reached "middle management, he/she must abandon architecture if he/she wants promotion. (23) Gordon Wigglesworth, chief housing architect of the GLC, 1973: "It offers no encouragement to the man or woman whose talent lies in architecture, and it ensures that design is always entrusted to the least experienced, and that leadership passes into the hands of those who, from necessity or choice, have ceased to be practicing architects" 0 (24) Barrier 5 can be found in the contradictions presented to the profession by virtue of the growth in the number of salaried architects. Louis Hellman has described the "bitter resentment of the bureaucratic and hierarchical structure of the large offices" where salaried architects are O'reduced to the status of non—persons by such practices as being required to sign letters in the names of their chief officers, or by the crediting of designs on notice boards and press releases to the department or chief officer" 0 (25) 5 PROFESSIONALISM AS IDEOLOGY But underlying all these "barriers'% the root cause of the lack of correlation between theory and practice, is the relationship between architect and client the patronage system. Quotes from the RIBAJ: "To a frightening extent, the clients are certainly the masters, and I have yet to meet the architect who will gainsay a client". (26) "My employer, , the partner in charge, has a continuous battle with the representatives of corporate clients, who are generally motivated by expediency: we are always being pressed to work for short term. results or for easier administration" (27) But I don't want to talk, at length about the question "Who SHOULD be the patrons of architecture?" I feel that is an utopian question phrased in terms uhich suggest that the possibility for changing the system of patronage is at hand. Since the possibility for patronising architects depends on the possibility of gaining access to finance for the subsequent building operations, I would suggest that any substentit.re change in the system of patronage is not possible under capitalism. But that long story. To get back to the current plot; I want to talk about patronage in this paper because iC is a FACT of the present practice of architecture. So far my discussion of "professionalism" has remained within the realms of theoryø I have only discussed 'Vprofessionaligrncv as an ideology. To quote from Marx: "In the social production of their existence, men inevitably enter into definite relations, which are independent of their will, namely relations of production appropri ate to a given stage in the development -of their material forces of production. The totality of these relations of productoon constitutes the economic structure of society the real foundation, on which arises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness.' The mode of production of material life conditions the general process of social, political, and intellectual life. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness". (28) The discussion of "professionalism" as ideology corresponds to architects' "consciousnes I want now to begin to look at architects v n social exi stence" 6. ARCHITECTURE RE-LOCATED The most useful definition of professionalism I have come acress in this context is that elaborated by Terence Johnson in his book "Professions and Power" (29) This paper leans very heavily on Johnson t s book (most of the quotes in section 2 are used by him)' I have merely attempted to apply Johnson q s theories about professions generally to the architectural profession specifically, I will not attempt to justify the legitimacy of basing my arguments $0 completely on Johnson' work.. I would suggest reading the book and deciding for yourselves the legitimacy of such a move. Johnson defines professionalism as a TYPE OF OCCUPATIONAL CONTROL, the function of which is to resolve tensions in the producer/consumer relationship. He elaborates as follows: "Dependence upon the skills of others has the effect of reducing the common area Of shared experience and knowledge, and increases social distance 0 social distance creates a structure of uncertainty in the relationship between producer and consumer, so creating a tension. in the relationship which must be fres01ved9V He defines three broad resolutions of this tension which are historically identifi able o 1. in which the producer defines the needg of the consumer and the manner in which those needs are catered fore He refers to this as COLLEGIATE control, and identifies two sub-types - PROFESSIONALISM, and GUILD CONTROL. 2 in which the consumer defines his own needs and the manner in which they are to be meto Three forms Qf this type of control are identified OLIGARCHIC PATRONAGE, CORPORATE PATRONAGE, and COT.NUNAL control. 3. in which a third party mediates in the relationship between producer and consumer, defining both the needs and the manner in which the needs are met. This type of control he refers to ' as MEDIATIVE, and under this heading he includes CAPITALISM and STATE MEDIATION. I would suggest that architecture has, moved out of the category of "professionalism". Potential for "professiOna1ismf' in architecture existed at the time when building trades were relatively homogenous. Building craftsmen, architects, and speculative builders between them exercised complete control over building operations, and there was certainly potential for them to define both the needs of the consumer and the manner in which these needs would be meto When architects separated themselves off from the other building trades, their potential for control, and therefore for "professionalisingV was lost. It is ironic that in striving to attain "professional" status, they eliminated the possibility of ever doing soo Architectural Uprofessional n ideology has taken on a life of its own. It exists without basis in the present "social existencd" of architects. Architecture has moved out of johnson's category of "professionalism" and ' into the category of up atronage'% alongside rennaissancé artists and craftsmen, or, more currently, the prostitute. In fact, the prostitute is on firmer ground than the architect, since demand for her services remains unaltered with fluctuations in the economy 6 I would argue that architects as; Johnson's "producers" no longer' if they ever did, define the needs of their consu;ners and the manner in which those needs are meto I would argue that today? s "consumers" of architecture define their own needs, and 7, to a very large extent, the manner in which these needs are met 9 for the reason that architectural '"consumers" (unlike, for example, "consujnerscv of medicine) are a small, powerful group o? individuals or corporate bodies with (necessarily for the n consumption" of building works) substantial financial backingo 7. RE-LOCATION OF ARCHITECTURE ILLUSTRATED To illustrate my contention that architects are more correctly defined as operating in the "patronage" category, I will outline Johnson's own charac— terisation of patronage as a form of occup ational control (chapter 5 of his book), and attempt to illustrate this in an architectural context where appropri ate 0 10 ti Pu11y developed institutiong of patronage arise where consumers have the capacity to define their own needs ax'. the manner in which their needs are catered for. In such cases the -inembers of occupations applying esoteric knowledge are themselves the "clients" having neither exclusive nor final resp . tnsibility for their services; ultimate authority in the assessment of process and product lies with the patron or patrons. This arises where the dominant effective demand for occupational services comes from a small, powerful, unitary clientele. This can occur where an aristocratic elite, sharing, cormon interests, monopolises services. Similarly, a patronage system can develop where a few large—scale corporations are the major consumers of "expert" services. Compare this with the way johnson talks about "professionalism" "only where there exists an effective demand for the occupational skills from a large and relatively heterogeneous consumer group can the institution of professionalism fully emerge 0 Consumers will normally have diverse interests; they are unorganisedt dependent, and exploitable" There appears to be no "effective 0 0 • o o demand" for skills from such large sections of the community, primarily, I would argue, since their demand cannot be effective without access to finance. 2. "Under patronage, recruitment is based on sponsorship 0 criteria for sponsorship are shared values md statuses; that is to say, the • "professional" shares the values and to some extent the status of the patron. Technical competence is not the sole or even a major criterion of evaluatione Rather, the practitioner is expected to be socially acceptable" 0' TLS Eric Fromm put it; "Personal identity takes on an exchange value as all are dependent their material seccess on a personal acceptance by those who need services and employ them". (30) MacEwen has said: "the most t successful r postwar practitioners were those who had no social or political conscience". (31) Louis Hellman tells the following story: "There' $ this I worked with — he wore. jeans, had long hair, in days when it was unheard of. What he didNas get rid of his drawing boarde All of us nerks lined up with our drawing boards, and he got rid of his and got a tablea I said, why do you want a table? He said, you come into a room, look at the drawing boards, where do you go to? You go to the bloke with the desk. TWO yea?s later. he's made a partner." 30 In traditional systemg of patronage, entrance to "accepted" and exclusive occupational organisations is severely limited, while a developed corporate system results in the hegemony within the occupational association of practitioners working for the more powerful corporations, whether as employees or consultants" 4. "Professional" practice, (under the patronage system) is not a continuous and terminal shared byo all. Rather, in oligarchic forms the practitioner seeks "preferment" which in the most successful cases loads tot "landed leisure", while the corporate practitooner can look forward to "plum jobs" on boards of directors. 5. 'professional': firm (under the patronage system) moves up the prestige hierarchy according to the size and influence of its patrons. The more big ac• ounts it attracts, the higher its prestige". "The homogeneous community which is characteristic of "professionalism" is deplaced by hierarchical forms of occupational practice and organisation. The architect and phsician under oligarchic patronage share to a limited extent the social position of their patrons. They rise in an occupational hierarchy throügh their association with more and more powerful patrons. Their prestige is social rather than narrowly and technically defined". I would argue that this is true of architecture — compare the status of Lasdun as architect, National Theatre as patron. 60 "The hierarchical fragmentation of. the occupation may even be systematically expressed and institutionalised as dual systems cf practice within a single occupation• The hierarchy associated with corporate patronage may also be rationalised by the creation of subordinate technical grades of practitioner, allowing for greater specialisation and the sloughing off of routine tasks by the occupation's leaders" 0 7. "Patronage systems are characterised by practising contexts in which the practitioner must know and. do what is expected of himo Under those conditions, knowledge tends to be local and basic research associated with the application of knowledge limited. The pursuit Of basic knowledge is stressed less than knowledge specifically related to the needs of the patrone A major criterion of theory vill be its applicability to patron needs" e Try substituting "architecture" for "accountancy" in the following quote: "The evolution of accountancy techniques has been severely practical. Individual accountants in the course of their duty, frequently come across problems peculiar to their particular branch of endean-m and apply their basic training to solve special problems. It is rarely that any one particular system or the variation of a system is adoptee-I by various firms facing the same problem, as each oncl every progenitor of a new method or technique in accounting prefers to utilise his own particular brainchild". (32) Johnson says: "This tendency is not a product of the accountsnt's peculiar individualism as a personality, but stems from an orientation to local problems deriving from a system of control of the occupation which is fundamentally patron—based" • 80 n Loca1ism also introduces an ethic of limited responsibility, contrasting with that of zrofessionalism — a situation in which the "professional" does not look beyond the consequences of his actions for the patron" Peter Malpass, in an RIBAJ article, has said that "there remains architects who would happily replace Durham cathedral with a multi—storey car park if the client wanted this and was prepared to clear the site" 0 (35) 90 "Such practitioners tend to be apolitical, where the expressions of political views or political action may embarrass the patron" 0 One of the Cardiff NAM group y who works for the local authority, has received a warning from his bosses about letters the group have published in the local press regarding the redevelopment of the central area of Cardiff. There must be many more similar cases. 10. "Theoretical knowledge is less important than knowledge which is applicable to the current practical needs of the patron. Practitioners are more likely to stress monist explanations which can be simply and immediately applied in policy o? therapy'% Johnson himself gives the following example: System design which allows for variations in structure within certain limits laid down by the basic system is related to the specific needs of a single corporate patron with large scale construction needs. The one—off t design related to the specific needs of a single 'client' is declining in importance as part of the architect's work" 80 CONCLUSION It is beginning to be understood that salaried architects are subj ect to a contradi ctiono Whilst architects are educated as if. they would all one day become principals in private practice, less than 20% of architects are currently in that position. "For the rest, it remains an ideal desire — the possible fulfillment of which is an enducement to work in a manner at logger—heads with it 0 The working class work socially in production for the private property of a few in the h2pe of individual private property for themselves" 0 (34) But it is not only salaried architects who are subj ect to contradiction. I would suggest that the concept of architecture as a "profession" holds only in the ideology perpetuated by the R IBA, the so—called •professional" body. I would argue, as I have said previously, that architecture is more correctly defined as operating within Johnson's characterisation Of "patronage" 0 "Ideology which looks backwards for its rationale is, nevertheless, crucial for the present: without it, people might hanker back to the past as a "golden age" ;once utopianism of any sort occurs 9 after looking backwards, it is liable to look forwards and thus endmger the status quoo The family (in this case, but try substituting "RIBA") thus embodies the most conservative concepts available; it rigidifies the past ideals and presents them as the present pleasures. By its very nature, it is there to prevent the future" (35) If we attempt to rid ourselves of this inappropriate "architect as professional" ideology, it would be interesting to monitor RIBA reaction. "The ruling class interests that pose, in the first place, as universal interests, increasingly decline into "mere idealising phrases, conscious illusions, and deliberate deceits. But the more they are condemned as falsehoods, and the less they satisfy. the understanding, the more dogmatically they are asserted and the more deceitful, moral ising and spiritual becomes the language of established society" — Karl Marx, The German Ideology. (36) 9. REFERENCES William S Bennett Jr., and Merl C Hockenstad Jr. , "Full time people workers a-Id conceptions of the professional", Sociological Review Monograph "årchitects at work" series, RIBAJ, Jan—Dec, 1972 20 30 ibid ibid ibid Durkheim, Professional Ethics and Civic Morals, 1957 70 R H Tawneyp The Acquisitive Society, 1921 8. quoted in T J Johnson, Professions and Power, Macmillan 1972 9 ibid 10. P Halmos, The Personal Scrv.ice Society, 1970 110 A M Carr—Saunders and P A Wilson, 'Ihe Professions, 1933 M Weber, Theory of Social and Economic Organisation, 1964 C Wright Mills, White Collar, 1956 M Young 9 The Rise of the Meritocracy, 358 P Shepheard, introduction to M MacEwen, Crisis in Architecture, RIBA 1974 160 M MacEwen, op cit 17. A Lipman, "Architectural education and the social commitment of contem— porary British architectsf% SociologicalReview, March 1970 18 • W Goode, "The theoretical limits of professionalisation", in Etzioni, ffhe Semi Professions and their Organisation, Free Press, New York, 1969 "Architects at work" series, op cit M MacEvenp op cit ibid O Ludor, quoted in MacEwen, op cit 23. Bains Report, HMSO, 1972 G Wigglesworth, quoted in AJ, February 21st 1973 L Hellman, "Democracy for architects", RIBAj, Aug 1973 "Architects at work" series, op cit 27 ibid K Marx, preface to Critique of Political Ecomony 1859 T J Johnson, op cit 13 Prom, The sane Society, 1956 M MacEwen, op cit 32a Stacey, Egnlish Accountancy, 1954 P Malpass, RIBAJ, June, 1975 Juliett Mitchell, Woman t s Estate, Penguin, 1971 35 ibid 36. K Marx, ffhe German Ideology, 1845/6 � Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A Delaney Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Nov-76 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/2895628a145ebf2b3a19847a4f9174a3.pdf 8ed3360d0e16265ea4fdc77752863e02 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letters Subject The topic of the resource Letters to K. Forder (ARCUK Registrar) and replies re issue of Limited Liability (16 pp total) Description An account of the resource 1 96 Albany Road Roath CARDEN K. J. Forder Registrar 73 Hallan Street LADON WIN. 6B 29 May 1978 Dear Mr Foraex• Thank you for your prompt and informative reply to my last letter re Limited Liability. i have discussed your letter with several of my fellow unattached representatives on A?-CUK and we would to make the following points in response to your letter of 13 1 • There does appear to be some conflict between the Act ana the Code on the issue of limited liability. We would like to see this anomoly corrected, and in order to do this several courses of' action seem to be available: could revise its •Code. A change in the Act could be pursued. ARCIJK could. acknowledge publicly the Eerhaps unpalatable fact that where the Code and the Act are in conflict, the Code is secondary to the Act. Point 2 above addresses the legal aspect of the conflict between the Act ana the Code, but what are the practical consequences of this? I . In practical terms, unlimited liability does not in effect exist whilst architects are covered by indemnity insurance 2.7/hi1st not supporting the usual argurnents put forward in favour o? limiting liability (ego the need for architcets to be able to work on a more comærcial basis) we would point out that. the drive for Etofit already exists in the current of a-na that limited liability has ærtain advantages in terms of., for example, the provisions made under Compeny Law for public accountability and access to information. Vie have said that, at ae facto limited liability exists through insurance. ARCUK should clear away any anonnlies. g should either ensure that liability in architecttme is EFECTiVELYPimitea, or acknowledge that it is not. It is unhealthy that mel±ers o? the public should think that, ana nzmbers of the profession argue that, architects have unlimited liability when in effect they do not. 5. The discussion in ARCIJK on limited liability should be based on the R3ALIQIES of current zwies of practice. To this end, we feel the following information should be made available to aid discussion: & inflormation on the scope, cost, ana availability of professional indemnity insuran ce • information on the differences between partnership company law, ege on issues such as public disclosure of information. Yours sincerely Architects Registration Council of the United Kingdom ESTABLISHED UNDER THE ARCHITECTS (REGISTRATION) ACTS TO 73 Hallam Street London WIN 6EE Tel: 01-580 5861 in due course. Ms. Anne Delaney 196 Albany Road Roath Cardiff Architects Registration Council of the United Kingdom Registrar: Kenneth J. Forder M.A. 13 April 1978 Dear Council Memb er, Limited Liability I enclose a copy of a letter I have today sent to the architectural constituent bodies of the Council. I do not know if the members of Council nominated by the Unattached have a corporate view on this matter but if they do, I shall be glad to have it. Otherwise individual replies will be collated for submission to the Council. Yours sincerely, Reglétrar Miss Anne Delaney 196 •Albany Road Roath Cardiff Architects Registration Council of the United Kingdom ESTABLISHED UNDER THE ARCHITECTS ( RE Of" RATION) ACTS TO 73 Hallam Street London WIN 6EE Tel: 01-580 5861 Registrar: Kenneth J. Forder M.A. 13 April 1978 Dear Sir, Limited Liability At its meeting on 15 March, 1978, the Council accepted the following resolution "that all issues on policy regarding limited liability and unlimited liability should be clarified by inviting opinions from constituent bodies" The debate in the Professional Purposes Committee of ARCUK which originally submitted the recommendation was far ranging and appeared to call for opinions on policy from the profession as a whole. One hesitates to try to summarize the material which might be covered because on the one hand ARCUK would not wish constituent bodies to devote a disproportionate amount of time and labour to research, and at the other end of the scale there is need to avoid omitting important elements. Broadly speaking, one would expect any account in this field to cover four main sections: the extention of the architect's individual liability resulting from the decision in the Anns vs. the London Borough of Merton case; the economics flowing therefrom; and what compensating measures might be available including insurance and amending legislation; the service company as a limited or unlimited liability company; controlling abuse thereof; tax advantages of limited and unlimited liability companies seen as variables in the light of the Chancellor's budget annually; the employment by a limited or unlimited liability service company of the architectural staff of the practice; the implications thereof and whether the service company might then be regarded by the public as practis ing architecture; Section 17 of the Architects (Registration) Act 1931 and its implications; whether the prohibition on an architect practising as a limited liability company imposed by Rule 2.4 is merited; the consequences for clients if the rule were abrogated; whether benefit would accrue to architects; how the problems of monitoring and control by ARCUK might be overcome. Constituent bodies are asked to forward their views to the undersigned by 31 May, 1978. Yours faithfully, Regi st rar . . . /2 NOTES Section 17 of the Architects (Registration) Act 1931 as amended by Section 1 (3) of the Architects Registration Act 1938 states: 17. Nothing in this Act shall prevent a body corporate, firm or partnership from carrying on business under the style or title of Architect: if the business of the body corporate, firm or partnership so far as it relates to architecture is under the control and management of a superintendent who is a registered person and who does not act at the same time in a similar capacity for any other body corporate firm or partnership; and if in every premi ses where such business as aforesaid is carried on and is not personally conducted by the superintendent such business is böna fide conducted under the direction of the superintendent by an assistant who is a registered person. Rule 2.4 of ARCIJK t s Code of Professional Conduct reads: 2.4 An architect shall not carry on his practice in the form of a limi ted liability company.�196 Albany Road Roa€h Cardiff K J Forder Registrar ARCUK 73 Haller: Street LONDON WIN 6EE May 10 1978 Dear Mr Forder 1 am attempting to draft a response to your letter of 13 April re Limited Liability. However, before I can answer the issues raised under (a) to (d) 1 need clarification on the following questions: Wnat reference does the Act make to professional misconduct or Code of Conduct? Since no definition of professional misconduct' appears to be offered in the Act, what legal standing does any definition ..i%nplicit in the rules and principles of the Code of Conduct have? Would a legal interpretation of 'misconduct t in a court of law conform to that enshrined in the Code of Conduct? Has this ever been put to the test? Wnere, when, by whom, and on what criteria was the Code brought into being? Was recourse to the Privy Council made for the adoption of the Code? Has recourse to the Privy Council been made for any alterations or additions to the Code? in a situation where the Act and the Code might be interpreted to be contradictory, what legal standing does the Code have? Has the situation described in 8 ever been put to the test, i.e., has ARCUK f s decision on misconduct ever been appealed against in a court of i apologies for imposing such heavy demands on you but 1 would appreciate an early response since you have asked for replies by 31 May. Yours sincerely Anne Delaney (Ms) Architects Registration Council of the United Kingdom ESTABLISHED UNDER THE ARCHITECTS (REGISTRATION) ACTS TO 73 Hatlam Street London WIN 6EE Tel: 01-580 5861 KENNETH J. FORDER, M.z 12 May 1978 Dear Ms Delaney, Thank you very much for your letter of 10 May. I think it might help if I reply immediately on the more straightforward issues that you raise, and I will write to you further on other points as soon as I have managed to carry out the research. I think many of your points are answered in the enclosed copy of a summarised history of the ARCUK Code, together with a copy of the first edition in 1936. The following are my preliminary observations on your questions: . The only reference to disgraceful conduct is contained in Section 7 of the principal Act (copy enclosed) . There is no reference to a Code in any of the legislation. I find myself in some difficulty here because of the wording you use. The Code has no 'legal standing' but it is a guide which the profession follows. Strictly speaking one can be guilty of disgraceful conduct without breaking the terms of the Code and conversely there are circumstances in which one can break the terms of the Code without committing disgraceful conduct . It is my view that disgraceful conduct has never been formally interpreted legally but I will look into this. 5. The enclosed history will tell you all you need to know. No. No. The question is a little too sweeping. If a situation arose where the Act and the Code appeared to be in conflict then clearly the Code would have to give way but only to the extent that the Act takes precedence. The usually quoted case where an appeal vas lodged to the High Court against a decision of the Council vas the Hughes v ARCUK in 1957. I enclose herewith a copy of the relevant passage from the Judgment. I will check whether there have been any other cases . Regtgfrät Ms Anne Delaney 196 Albany Road Roath Cardiff Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource A Delaney Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 29.5.78 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/724cfaef4509d6c63efe14175080d8d3.pdf 3798f8c424c8279a141ea0cc5aa611f1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Summarised History of the ARCUK code Subject The topic of the resource Summarised History of the ARCUK code. Typescript 8 pp total including definition of ‘disgraceful conduct’. Description An account of the resource 731/59 Disxraceful Conduct as defined by Mr. Justice Devlin in his Judgment in Hughes v A. R.C.U.K. The Architects (Registration) Act 1931 Section 7 gives the Council power to strike the name of an architect from the register if he has been "guilty of conduct disgraceful to him in his capacity as an architect" . 1 cannot accept the argument that the term "disgraceful" is in any sense a term of art. In accordance with the usual rule it is to be given its natural and popular meaning. But it is qualified by the phrase "in his capacity as an architect". The effect of that qualification is twofold. First, the conduct must not only be what would ordinarily be considered disgraceful, but it must also be a disgrace which affects him professionally; to that extent the qualification diminishes the term. Secondly, conduct which is not disgraceful for an ordinary man may be disgraceful for a professional man: to that extent the qualification amplifies the term. But the amplification does not require that "disgraceful" is to be given any technical meaning: it requires only that the ordinary meaning of the word should be applied in relation to the special obligations and duties of a professional man. It must not be forgotten that if the finding of the Committee stands, anyone may hereafter say of Mr. Hughes with impunity that he was struck off the register for disgraceful conduct and may add that that means what it says. Summarised History of the ARCUK Code On 11 March, 1932, the Council received a report of the Committee of Ways and Means which contained, inter alia, a recommendation that a Code of Professional Conduct was desirable despite having received Counsel's Opinion advising against. The Council, in debating the matter, considered — if there was to be a Code — that it could be built up gradually by means of the precedents from the Discipline Cornmittee; or the Council could give architects proposing to register some idea of what they must not do. It was agreed at this meeting to defer a recommendation to draft a Code, partly because there were a number of other tasks urgently needing action and partly because in any event the Discipline Conmittee could not be appointed for Some months . In March 1934 the P PC reconmended the Council to inform an architect ' 'that it is unprofessional and contrary to established custom to advertise" This was to stop newspaper advertisements. Another architect at the same time was seeking information about his position with regard to advertising, hidden commissions, soliciting and trading, and pointing out that the Act made no provision for a Code. He was told that, in general, these were matters of unprofessional conduct and contrary to established custom but it was for the Discipline Committee to decide what was disgraceful. The architect challenged this reply, pointing out that no Code had been approved by the Privy Council, and asked if the RIBA Code "with all its loose application" was accepted in the Courts. Another architect was informed it was not in accordance with established custom for an architect to trade as a builder. It was for the Discipline Committee etc. It was also "not in accordance with established custom for an architect to engage in trade". (Very broad statement!) Other cases dealt with alleged supplanting (referred to D.C.) and soliciting and supplanting; and the Chartered Surveyors were asked to refer in their Code to the undesirhbility of advertisements by surveyors who were also architects. There was however a hold up with regard to referring cases to the Discipline Committee because they had no regulations yet. After a motion had been received from an architect which ended with the following words "That this Council give a ruling that may serve as a guide to the public and the profession as to what may be considered 'established custom' and what conduct would normally lie outside such 'established custom'. (Code of Practice) That sanct ion be obtained from the Privy Council for such regulations the P PC approved the principle of a Code of Professional Conduct which banned architects from advertising "his architectural services publicly t % "receiving commission not disclosed" and "soliciting work by means of paid agents". In due course however, and before any ARCUK Code had been formulated, the Discipline Committee had heard its first case, where mention was made to two Codes — that of the RIBA and that of the IAAS, and the Discipline Conmittee Report contains the following paragraphs: Each code must embody, its existence would be meaningless unless it did embody, those rules of conduct which its framers and administrators hold to be binding on themselves as practitioners of an honourable calling, while every professional man knows that many such rules express the solution of doubts which have arisen in practice. A practitioner who has any cause to doubt what his own course of action ought to be can seek guidance in the solutions tested by experience (or formulated by experienced persons) , and set forth in the codes ö The essential features of both codes, it must be believed, would in spirit be accepted by the architectural profession even had they remained unwritten, and the Committee conceives itself entitled to apply these codes in the interpretation of Section 7 of the Act and to find a registered person guilty of conduct dis graceful in an architect if he be shewn to have contravened the spirit common to the codes. The Council received a further Counsel's Opinion dated August 1934 which contained a preference to "allow a code as to professional conduct to grow up gradually by means of publication and circulation from time to time" of Discipline Cormnittee decisions . This view was based on the idea that it wpuld leave the Council "unfettered by definitions of professional misconduct" whéreas a "specified and definite code" would make it difficult for the Council to remove a man from the Register "unless his conduct were shown to fall within the four corners of the code". Again the Council were reminded that the Act contained no express power to formulate a code as to professional conduct or misconduct. The Council was also advised that the Privy Council "would probably be reluctant to give their sanction to a code of professional conduct dealing (of necessity) with matters as to which a wide diversity of views might be held. However, the Opinion did state that the Council could, without statutory authority, publish and send to registered persons ' t a statement enumerating practices or modes of conduct which they consider it undesirable for registered persons to pursue" This statement should contain no reference to Section 7 of the Act and should show on the face of it that it was published merely for guidance. In June 1935 the Council were informed that the PPC were drawing up a draft statement as referred to in the above paragraphs. A suggestion/tnat tÅe Draft Code, together with Scale of Fees and Conditions of Engagement, be submitted to all bodies mentioned in the First Schedule, and to every registered person for comments . On 20 March 1936 the Council had before it a "draft Code of Professional Conduct for Registered Architects" for the guidance of architects which was submitted by the PPC who had resolved unanimously that it be submitted to Council "as an agreed document". In submitting the Draft the Committee said since it had received unanimous approval in Committee to refer it to the constituent bodies would cause unnecessary delay. They proposed however to send copies to all registered persons but without inviting comments, but to invite-the Unattached architects to forward comments to one of the Council members they had elected. (One Council member elected by the Unattached dissented from the decision to to approve the draft Code.) A copy of the March 1936 Code is attached from which it will be seen that it remained unaltered until 1945. In December 1944 the PPC reconmended that the Code be revised generally. This arose from Counsel's Opinion obtained to assist in dealing with questions concerning architects involved in property development — buying and selling land and buildings. In February 1945 the COunci1 had a draft revised Code before them in a totally different format and it was agreed that the draft be submitted to the constituent bodies and to the representatives of the Unattached architects for observations. This draft Code consisted of a Preamble, Principles and Examples. In November 1945 the PPC reported to Council on the comments received from the RIBA on the draft, but some of the RIBA suggestions were not accepted. One or two comments had also been received from the ABT and AA. Counsel was asked to vet the final version; and in March 1946 the Council were informed that a new Code had been published. In December 1948 the Code was amended to give a time limit after which architects could not be house agents or auctioneers. The RIBA, IAAS, AA and ABT approved; FAS had made no comments and the Unattached had divergent views , but agreed to go along. After the Code had been amended a number of times, on 17 October, 1952, the Council resolved that the PPC should review the Code "as a whole in its relation to the Codes of any of the constituent bodies of the Council" if necessary conferring with such bodies. A Sub—Committee of the PPC was set up and in October 1954 a draft new Code was submitted to Council and finally approved in December 1954 for circulation to the profession with the 1955 Annual Report. Its format was not dissimilar from the previous Codes. Early in 1960 the Code was reprinted in a new format; and because there had been a number Of amendments made to it since 1955, a copy was sent to every registered person. Again the Code was subject to a number of amendments/ clarifications and in June 1969 the PPC were again asked to review the Code as a whole and to report back to the Council. As the RIBA were also looking at their Code as a whole it was agreed in October 1969 to set up an ad hoc joint working group to enable the two bodies to proceed in step. By March 1970 a preliminary draft of the Principles and Rules of Professional Conduct was ready and it was agreed it be circulated to the architectural constituent bodies for discussion. In June 1970 the Council were informed that meetings were being held in the RIBA Regions and branches to discuss the new Principles. The work on amending the Code was then taken over by the RIBA but in March 1975 the Council were informed that the PPC had asked the Registrar to send copies of the draft Code to the other architectural constituent bodies. Eventually a new Code, different in form and format but not greatly different in meaning was published on 1 January 1976 . �Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom 68, PORTLAND PLACE, w.l. Code of Professional Conduct for Architects 'l'hc• lollowing Rules have been drawn up for the guidance of architects. While it is not intended to lay down a hard-and-fast line between what is, and what is not, legitimate, the object of the Rules is to provide a general standard of professional practice, the breach of which, by an architect, may render him liable to be adjudged, by the Council, guilty of disgraceful conduct. Remuneration in respect of architectural work consists (a) in the case of an employee, of salary, and (b) of architects in private practice, of professional fees. In the case of (b) the client should be informed at the outset of the. rules of employment of architects and the scale of charges upon which reinnneration is based. N.B.-For the purpose of this Code the Conditions of Engagement and Scale of Charges published by the R.I. B.A. or other constituent body is recommended. All architect MUST NOT: Accept any work which involves giving or receiving discounts or commissions, nor may he accept any discount, gift or commission from Contractors or Tradesmen whether employed upon thc works or not. Advertise or offer his services by means of circulars or otherwise, nor may he make paid announcements in the Press. Attempt to supplant another architect, nor Inust he compete with another architect by means of a reduction of fees or by any other inducement. Permit the insertion of any clause in tenders, bills of quantities or other documents which provide for payment to be made to him by the Contractor whatever may be the consideration, unless with the previous knowledge and approval of his client. Carry on or act as principal, partner .lianager of a company or firm trading in materials used in building, or whose activities are connected with the building industry. (J) Permit the business of auctioneering or house agency to form part of his practice. to Paragraph Extract Ironl Count:11 Al 01 u tes of June 23Yd, 1936: — RESOLVED that Where busine• as an Auctioneer or House Agent was being carried on at the time of registration no action be taken in the Inatter, but that any Registered Architect atternpting to, or '.vho has attempted to, start any business as Auctioneer or House Agent after the date of his registration be informed that such action is not in accordance xvith the recognised custom of the Architectural profession. Act as alChitect or joint architect jor a work which is or has been the subject of a cuinpetiti011, in which he is 01 has been en o a o ed as an assessor. Act as architect or joint architect for a work which is or has been the subject of an abandoned colnpetition, if he is or has beca oificially nominated as assessor, or approached by the prcnnoters for the purpose of acting as such. An M UST: Be rernunerated solely in the case of an employee by his salary and in the case of a practising architect by professional fees, and Inust not accept remuneration from any' other source in connection with the works and duties entrusted to him. Before accepting an appointment or instructions to proceed with any work upon which it is obvious another architect has been employed, communicate with the architect last employed with a view to ensuring that his engagement has been properly terminated. An architect MAY: Be architectural consultant or adviser to building contractors, decorators, furniture designers, estate development firms or companies or firms or companies trading in materials used in or whose activities are otherwise connected with the building industry, provided that: — He is paid by' fee and not by commission on sales or profits thereon. He does not solicit orders for the firm or company. Use the word " Architect in connection '.uth 1113 appointment, and his name may appear on the stationery of the firm or company as architectural consultant or adviser. Be a Director of any company (except those excepted in Clause 2 (e)), including a building society registered under the Building Societies Act, and lilay allow his name and the word " Architect to appear on the notepaper of the company. Sign his buildings and may exhibit his name outside his office and on buildings in the course of construction, alteration and/or extension, provided that it is done in an unostentatious Inanner. If a client so desires, the architect's name may remain upon the buildilig for a period not exceeding twelve months after its completion provided that the board does not display ' To Lei ' or " For Sale ' or similar notices. Although there is no objection to an architect signed illustrations and descriptions of his to be published in the Press, ith reference to such illustrations or descriptions is contrary to professional custom to give monetary consideration for such insertions or to allow such insertions to be used by the publishers for obtaining advertiselnents from unwilling contributors. Architects who are appointed surveyors io recogniscd estdles announce land or sites or premises ior sale or letting in conneciion with their appointments. When architects are acting as surveyors or town planners in connection with the development of land, announcements may be made in the Press and on notice boards in connection with such developinellt, provided that such announcements are made in an unostentatious Inanner. In all questions arising between the employer and contractor an architect must act in an impartial manner. He must at all titncs interpret the conditions of the contract with entire fairness as between employer and contractor. Quantities.—It is desirable that in cases where an architect takes out quantities for buildings he should be paid directly by the client and not through the contractor. Note : —- Architects are recommended to bring this Code to the notice of their employees. By Order of the Council, PEMBROKE WICKS Registr,v . March 20th, 1936. Reprinted April 1st, 1941. �Summarised History ARCUK Code On 11 March, 1932, the Council received a report of the Committee of Ways and Means which contained, inter alia, a recommendation that a Code of Professional Conduct was desirable despite having received Counsel's Opinion advising against. The Council, in debating the matter, considered — if there was to be a Code — that it could be built up gradually by means of the precedents from the Discipline Corm-nit tee; or the Council could give architects proposing to register some idea of what they must not: • do. It was agreed at this meeting to defer a recormnendation to draft a Code, partly because there were a number of other tasks urgently needing action and partly because in any event the Discipline Corrmittee could not be appointed for Some months . In March 1934 the PPC reconmended the Council to inform an architect "that it is unprofessional and contrary to established custom to advertise". This was to stop newspaper advertisements . Another architect at the same time was seeking information about his position with regard to advertising, hidden conunissions, soliciting and trading, and pointing out that the Act made no provision for a Code. He was told that, in general, these were matters of unprofessional conduct and contrary to establi-shed custom but it was for the Discipline Committee to decide what was disgraceful. Thé architect challenged this reply, pointing out that no Code had been approved by the Privy Council, and asked if the RIBA Code i 'with all its loose application" was accepted in the Courts. Another architect was informed it was not in accordance with established custom for an architect to trade as a builder. It was for the Discipline Cormittee etc. It was also i 'not in accordance with established custom for an architect to engage in trade". (Very broad statement!) Other cases dealt with alleged supplanting (referred to D.C.) and soliciting and supplanting; and the Chartered Surveyors were asked to refer in their Code to che undesirkbility of advertisements by survey.ors who were also architects. �There was however a hold up with Discipline Conmittee because they; had After a motion had been received following words "That this Council give a ruling the public and the profession as regard to referring cases to the no regulations yet. from an architect which ended with the that may serve as a guide to to what may be considered 'established cus tom' and what conduct would' normally lie outside such 'established custom t . (Code of Practice) That sanction be obtained from the Privy Council for such regulations the P PC approved the principle of a Code of Professional Conduct which banned architects from advertising "his architectural services publicly" ' 'receiving commission not disclosed" and "soliciting work by means of paid agents" In due course however, and before any ARCUK Code had been formulated, the Discipline Committee had heard its first case, where mention was made to two Codes — that of the RIBA and that: of the IAAS, and the Discipline Committee Report contains the following paragraphs : "(g) Each code must embody, its existence would be meaningless unless it did embody, those rules of conduct which its framers and administrators hold to be binding on themselves as practitioners of an honourable calling, while every professional man knows that many such rules express the solution of doubts which have arisen in practice. A practitioner who has any cause to doubt what his own course of action ought to be can seek guidance in the solutions tested by experience (or formulated by experienced persons) , and set forth in the codes b The essential features of both codes, it must be believed, would . in spirit be accepted by the architectural profession even had they remained unwritten, and the Cornmittee conceives itself entitled to apply these codes in the interpretation of Section 7 of the Act and to find a registered person guilty of conduct disgraceful in an architect if he be shewn to have contravened the spirit conmon to the codes. The Council received a further Counsel's Opinion dated August 1934 which contained a preference to 't allow a code as to professional conduct to grow up gradually by means of publication and circulation from time to time" of Discipline Committee decisions . This view was based on the idea that •it VQu1d leave the Council t 'unfettered by definitions of professional misconduct" whéreas a I 'specified and definite code!' would make it difficult for the Council to remove a man from the Register 't un less his conduct were shown to fall within the four corners code". Again the Council were reminded that the Act contained no express power to formulate a code as to professional conduct or misconduct. The Council was also advised that the Privy Council 'k€ould probably be reluctant to give their sanction to a code of professional conduct dealing (of necessity) with matters as to which a wide diversity of views might be held. However, the Opinion did state that the Council could, without statutory authority, publish and send to registered persons t t a statement enumerating practices or modes of conduct which they consider it undesirable for registered persons to pursue" . This statement should contain no reference to Section 7 of the Act and should show on the face of it that it was published merely for guidance. In June 1935 the Council were informed that the PPC were drawing up a draft statement as referred to in the above paragraphs . A suggestion/ tnat Draft Code, together with Scale of Fees and Conditions of Engagement, be submitted to all bodies mentioned in the First Schedule, and to every registered person for comments . On 20 March 1936 the Council had before it a I 'draft Code of Professional Conduct for Registered Architects" for the guidanc-e of architects which was submitted by the PPC who had resolved unanimously that it be submitted to Council as an agreed document" . In submitting the Draft the Committee said since it had received unanimous approval in Conunittee to refer it to the constituent bodies would cause panecessary delay. They proposed however to send copies to all registered persons but without inviting corm•nents , but to invite-the Unattached architects to forward comments to one of the Council members they had elected. (One Council member elected by the Unattached dissented from the decision to to approve the draft Code.) A copy of the March 1936 Code is attached from which it will be seen that it remained unaltered until 1945. In December 1944 the P PC reconmended that the Code be revised generally. This arose from Counsel's Opinion obtained to assist in dealing with questions concerning architects involved in property development — buying and selling land and buildings. �In February' 1945 the COunci1 had a draft revised Code before them in a totally different format and it was agreed that the draft be submitted to the constituent bodies and to the representatives of the Unattached architects for observations. This draft •Code consisted of æ Prearpble, Principles and Examples. In November 1945 the PPC reported to Council on the the RIBA on the draft, but some of the RIBA suggestions were not accepted. One or two corrments had algo been received from the ABT and AA. Counsel was asked to vet the final version; and in March 1946 the Council were informed that a new Code had been published. In December 1948 the Code was amended Co give a time limit .after which architects could not be house agents or auctioneers. The RIBA, IAAS, AA and ABT approved; FAS had made no comments and the Unattached had divergent views , but agreed to go along. After the Code had been amended a number of times, on 17 October, 1952, the Council resolved that the PPC should review the Code 'tas a whole in its relation to the Codes of any of the constituent bodies of the Council" if necessary conferring with such bodies A Sub—Comnittee of the PPC was set up and in October 1954 a draft new Code was submitted to Council and finally approved in December 1954 for circulation to the profession with the 1955 Annual Report. Its format was not dissimilar from the previous Codes. Early in 1960 the Code was reprinted in a new format; and because there had been a number öf amendments made to it since 1955, a copy was sent to every registered person. Again the Code was subject to a number of amendments/ clarifications and in June 1969 the PPC were again asked to review the Code as a whole and to report back to the Council. As the RIBA were also looking at their Code as a whole it was agreed in October 1969 to set up an ad hoc joint working group to enable the two bodies to proceed in step. By March 1970 a preliminary draft of the Principles and Rules of Professional Conduct was ready and it was agreed it be circulated to the architectural constituent bodies for discussion. In June 1970 the Council were informed that meetings were being held in the RIBA Regions and bran 2hes to discuss the new Principles. The work on amending the Code was then taken over by the RIBA but in March 1975 the Council were informed that the PPC had asked the Registrar to send copies draft Code to the other architectural constituent bodies. Eventually a new Code, different in form and format but not greatly different in meaning was published on 1 January 1976 . 5 . Architects Registration Council of the United Kingdom 68, PORTLAND PLACE, w.l, Code of Professional Conduct for Architects 'l'he following Rules have been drawn up for the guidance ot architects. While it is not intended to lay down a hard-and-fast line between what is, and what is not, legitimate, the object of the Rules is to provide a general standard of professional practice, •the breach of which, by an architect, may render him liable to be adjudged, by the Council, guilty of disgraceful conduct. Rexuuneration in respect of architectural work consists (a) in the case of an employee, of salary, and (b) of architects in private practice, of professional fees. In the case of (b) the client should be informed at the outset the. rules of employment of architects and the scale of charges upon which renumeration is based. N.B.—For the purpose of this Code the Conditions of Engagement and Scale of Charger, published by the R.I. B.A. or other constituent •body is recommended. AIR architect MUST NOT: Accept any work which inv.olves giving or receiving discounts or commissions, nor may he accept any discount, gift or commission from Contractors or Tradesmen whether employed upon the works or not. Advertise or offer his services by means of circulars or othenvise, nor may he rn•cAø e paid announcements in the Press. Attempt to supplant another architecti nor must he compete with another architect by means of a reduction of fees or by any other inducement. Permit the insertion of any clause in •tenders, bills of quantities or other documents which provide for payment to be made to Ilil.n by the Contractor whatever may be the consideration, unless with the previous knowledge and approval of his client. (c) Carry on or act as principal, partner . lianager .of a company or firm trading in materials used in building, or whose activities are connected with the building industry. Permit the business of auctioneering or house agency to form part of his practice. NO I'E to Paragraph Extract jrom Count. Il te.s June '23rd, 1 (036 : RESOLVED that I,Vhere busine• as Auctioneer or Ilouse .•lgent was being carried on at the time of registration no action be taken in the Inattcr, but that any Registered Architect attempting to, or vvho has attempted to, start any business as Auctioneer or House Agent after the date of his registration be informed that such action is not in accordance svith the recognised custom of the Architectural. profession. �Act us architect or joint architect ior a work which is or has been the subject of a collipetition, in which he is has been eu o a cs ed as an assessor. Act as architect or joint architect for a work is or has been the subject of an abandoned collipetition, if he is or has beca oiticially nominated as assessor, or approached by the prcnnoters for the purpose of acting as such. An an Be re:nunerated solely in the case of an employee by his salary and in the case of a practising an:hitect by professional fees, and Illust not accept remuneration from any' other source in connection with the works and duties entrusted to him. Before accepting an appointment or instructions to proceed with any work upon which it is obvious another architect has been employed, communicate with the architect last employed with a view to ensuring that his engagement has been properly terminated. An architect MAY Be architectural consultant or adviser to building contractors, decorators, furniture designers, estate development firms or companies or firms or companies trading in materials used in or whose activities are otherwise connected with the building industry, provided that: — He is paid by fee and not by commission on sales or profits thereon. He does not solicit orders for the firm or company. Usv the word " Architect ' in connection M. Ith hib appointment, and his name may appear on the stationery of the firm or company as architectural consultant or adviser. Be a Director of any company (except those excepted in Clause 2 (e)), including a building society registered under the Building Societies Act, and lilay allow his name and the word ' ' Architect ' to appear on the notepaper of the company. Sign his buildings and may exhibit his name outside his office and on buildings in the course of construction, alteration and/or extension, provided that it is done in an upostentatious Inanner. If a client so desires, the architect's name may remain upon the buildilig for a period not exceeding twelve months after its completion that the board does not display •ro Lei ' or " For Sale or similar notices. Although there is no objection to an architect allowing signed illustrations and descriptions of his xvork to be published in the Press, with reference to such illustrations or description> it is contrary to professional custom to give Inonetary consideration for such insertions or to allow such insertions to be used by the publishers for obtaining advertisell)ents from unwilling contributors. (O) Architects ss 110 are appointed surveyors 10 recogniscd estates announce land or sites or prenlises tor sale or letting in Conneciion with their appoinunents. architects are acti1YJ as surveyors or town planners in connection with the development of land, announcements be Inade in the Press and on notice boards in connecuon With such develop!nent, provided that such announcements are made in an unostentatiöus manner. In all •questions arising between the employer and contractor' an architect must act in an impartial manner. He must at all tunes interpret the conditions of the contract with entire fairness as between employer and contractor. Quantities.—It is desirable that in cases where an architect takes out quantities for buildings he should be paid directly by the client and not through the contractor. Note : — Architects are recommended to bring this Code to the notice of their employees. By Order of the Council, PEMBROKE WICKS Registrar . March 20th, 1936. Reprinted April 1st, 1941. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Not given Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource undated https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/a2e2296d5a95428e07f847ae097cdad9.pdf 4cace7ef646cd8e0cc90f297cc1cccb9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Letter to Tom Wooley re constitution of ARCUK and RIBA control. (12 pp total) Description An account of the resource OAK COTTAGE, PADLEY MEWS, GRINDLEFORD, SHEFFIELD, S30 1HP 16 April 1987 Hope Valley 31084 Dear Tom, Thank you for your kind letter of 12 February 1987 & this is very much appreciated. Now that the dust is settling 4 little , I have been thinking about the consequences of recent events. I shall be resigning from the RIBA as I do not think that can stay 4&4member that treats any contrary opinion or minority view with such distain. I think that there has been = change of view by other minorites on ARCUK & a permanent political shift; non-RIBA members will no longer trust the RIBA & are likely to vote against their block vote. This means that the unattached & mon-RIBA members could gain control of ARCUK within 5 years. I enclose notes on the situation which you might like to discuss with your colleagues. Vva = incerely, GR Adams. Dr Tom Wooley School of Architecture Humberside College of Higher Education Strand Close Hull HUZ OBT page 1 ty (D to Notes NUMBERS esent disagreements with RIBA are about cont rol rather than education. RIBA is concerned that if ARCUEK takes on more responsibilities, this will lead to an increase in ARCUK retention fee & make architects more likely to not join or resien from RIBA thus leading to long term Weakness division in the profession The attached chart shows the lone term trends. Since 1972 RIBA numbers have stuck at 20,000 to 20,500 giving 40 to 42 seats. The statutory numbers have remained at 13. The -~RIBA canstituent bodies have fallen from 8 to 6. The unattached have risen from 5 to 13 The update of ARCUK numbers at 15 April 1987 shows these trends continuing, with RIBA (20462) -1 & unattached (6771) 41. But these fisures could change by 31 October, the count date. With a big effort, if unattached could gain 230, they would gain 2 seats for 1968. The average increase on the register in the past 5 years isoc 423, & in the past 4 years 514. Tt seems that most of the new architects do not join RIBA but prefer to register only Because of the number of students at the nools this increase of about 500 per a continue for at least the next 6 to 7 years. At this rate,, the unattached would gain 4 to 5 seats in the next & years Since 1977, the AA has lost 2 seats. If all the non RIBA bodies had a drive tol nereasse their numbers they could gain extra seat1s:. Because double representation is allowed, if AA & STAMP in particular could accept each others membeers, & get to 1001 & 501 respectively, then each would fain 1 seat. If FAS & TAAS also reciprocated & each got to S01, they would each fain 1 s When the Order in Council ifs approved, all EEC architects will be able to get on the ARCUK register. The Irish are most likely to benifit. They have put forward both University Collese & Bolten Street Schools, producing 80 graduates per annum. RIBA has only recognised University College. Because oa shortage of work in Eire, the #resat majority of the eraduates go abroard &£ most come to UE, particularly Ulster. They may be reluctant to join RIBA because page i on ARCUE i5 April 1987 oO (D hy ti oO ej or (0 Tg 4 of the high subs & most will become unattached. They are likely to come from:- a RIAI members wanting a business address in UE or already here. b Non RIAT now working in UE. Cc New graduates from the 2 schools. If a lot of publicity was given to these opportunties both in UE & Eire, & 501 registered in next 5 years a unattached could gain 2 seats. Pecause RIBA is commiting itself to high expenditure in UIA, expansion at No 66, more staff for regions & also facing loss of revenue temporally from their Companies moving to Sxpensive accomodation, RIBA subs are likely to increase at more than average rate of inflation ot 5%. The sub might increase from £ISS to £168 if at 52 & near £180 if more. There may be an increasing number who will not be Willing to pay & will not join or resign. This may lead to the loss of some say 3 seats over 5 yeare. The possible changes might be :- 1987 1988 1984 1990 i991 RIBA 424140ag38 Statutory i3 13 13 is i3 NonConst 6778S Unattached is 13 i3 i3 13 Annual -1234 EEC -1i22 RIBAresign - 1 2 3 4 Total NonRIBA 32 36 3a 42 4a The Statutory nominees used to vote with RIBA, but because of recent events they are concerned at the Bbulldesinge by RIBA with their majority on ARCUE. Several are likely to vote against or abstain in the future & RIBA can no longer take these votes for eranted. k The 5& non-RIBA constituent bedies, particularly FAS & IAAS, are also concerned & are likely to vote aeainst RIBA if it attempts to block ARCUE development page 2 RIBA can no longer rely on 100% support from its own nominees. a Several resent the cynical removal of Adams & Hinton from Council. Bb Many resent being treated as voting fodder & will abstain, vote against or not attend Council of RIBA nominees averages can only generally count on 30 votes, @xcept at the AGM where a 3 whip is imposed. Less pressure is December meeting at which the rete is agreed for the next year. d Many RIBA members drift off after tea. On gs occasions in the past RIBA has been in a minority. For these reason of 42 to 32 is t which raises strong feelings or if RIBA tries to force through policies in its own interests. Page 3 Qt iQ TT oF rt > {Dp co My (D fe a i a a iD be ip Ww ij i it w Co ( b GP changed. They reviewed & brought in computers staff numbers to cope load. Thies was strongly scenes since they could ie a sine registrar will also have to be support staff member will ARCUE lease of YS Hallam Street 25 December 1989 & it is possible 4000 sq ft will be greatly increased:- @ £25 @ £30 FINANCE The general policy of RIBA is to allow ARCUEK to do as little as possible, keep work dow & tightly control all expenditure. In 1985-86, the updated all ga Londen standar insurance sche & word procees with the increasing work resisted by RIBA_ behind the not oppose this openly. reviewed. It is also probable Ss, brought introduced 3 pension & life £i00,000 increase £120,000 increase £ 73,000 £ 93,000 £2.43per head £3.1 per head for ARCUR discussed To agree review of all new From EEC At £13 ARCUK goes into the red extra costs & will have spent reserve regulations arising in 1988 even without all the general fund all staff, & increased page i load & staff salaries them up to average that an additional have to be appointed. is due for revision that the rent for bo in) ta| rt oO ib oO OFA Iect p (D oD cb oO iD There is now a further increase in work load from education & EEC, & all know that-ARCUK cannot cope without more staff. This centres on the appointment of a Secretary to BAE. RIBA intends to black this ment by deferring a de t can make as long as Council revers vious “deseShon. If the retary of BAF is 00 range hen the salary of If larger offices are needed for more staff bigger increases are possible. BAE will be asked to hold 4 meetings annually instead of 2 to cope with increased work load on education. Because of the increased numbers on BAF each meeting Will cost about £3000. Since the unattached now have more than 10 members on Council, they can call extra Council meetings at £2000 , without Council agreement. Such meetings might be needed for: a If RIBA try to overturn past setts ies b When Order in Council approved & implications For all these reasons an increase in retention fee is inevitable in the next 5 years Possible retention fees are: 1987 1988 1989 1990 1994 Fee £i2 £1i3 £i6 £20 £20 Income @ 30K SB90000 390000 48680000 6ng0cgm 600000 RIBA is trying to regain control of F & GP & replace Francis Goodail with Alan Groves. The decisions of F & GP will be critical i ex years on the staff levels, new lease & retention fe The Registrar retires in 3 to 4 years.RIBA would like to get him to go earlier as they regard him as too independent & want some-one more docile who will not oppose RIBA policy. RIBA administers & publishes all Joint Contract Tribunal documents & makes some money from it. The contractors & sub contractors want to take it from RIBA & make JCT independent. Robert Johnson is a barrister & legal advisor on RIBA staff & adminsters ICT. If RIBA lose JCT, © ohnseon would be redundant. RIBA would like him to be the next registrar. He is a quiet man & would be an RIBA puppet. With his legal & architectural experience, he would be a strong candidate. RIBA wants to get their nominees in place to make this appointment in the next 3 years & to do this must control F & GP & staff sub-committee. If the unattached & non-RIBA members wish to gain control of ARCUEK Council, they must:- a Ensure that BAE has joint or total control of visiting boards & recognition. b Appoint Secretary of BAE & support staff. c Get ARCUK to spend on more activities & staff, so that the retention fee increases & more are likely to be unattached. page 2 iQ FROM THE ROSCOE PROFESSOR OF ARCHITECTURE JOHN NELSON TARN, B.ARCH., PH.D., F.R.1.B.A., F.R.HISTS. THE LIVERPOOL SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING ENGINEERING LEVERHULME BUILDING ABERCROMBY SQUARE P.O. BOX 147 LIVERPOOL L69 3BX The University of Liverpool INT/VSD. Mre Bob Adams , Oak Cottage, Padley Mews, GRINDLEFORD, Derbyshiree Dear Bob, TEL: 051 — 709 -6022 TELEX NO: 627095 UNILPL G Ext.2914. 16th April, 1987. a A number of things have happened at ARCUK since I took over as Chairman which require my action. . The Architects Directive Working Group is coming to the end of its job and I think it is sensible that the present group should be disbanded. For this coming session I intend to constitute an advisory group consisting of myself, Kenneth Taylor, Alan Groves and David Waterhouse. David, being in London, will be able to answer and respond quickly to any issues which arise from DOE. He, of course, has all the experience, too. My best wishes. Yours sincerely, a I understand that you intend to be present at the CLAEU Meeting in Granada on the 29th April. Neither Kenneth Taylor nor myself will be present and in order that the situation may be legally correct I have asked Alan Groves to formally represent me and ARCUK. I think it is not possible for you to do this since you are no longer however, enclosing the papers which were sent to ARCUK, since these are the only set, I understand, which we possess. Kenneth Forder tells me that you wish to retain the Chairmanship on the J.C.AeRe I do not think that this is possible, since you are not on Council, and I believe that the constitution of the group will have tp be Kenneth Taylor and myself, as the two surviving members with experience of the meetings in September, and Alan Groves, who is the most recent past Chairman , still on Council. a member of Council. I am, I hope you will understand that I find this letter a somewhat distasteful one to have to write, but it seems to me that it is better for me to clear the air about the formal issues now. I am greatly saddened by the events of the last few weeks, more particularly because it inevitably means a constraint between you and me after many years of friendship which go back to my early days in Sheffield. Inclse CLAEU papers - I should be grateful if you would please let me have these back. BS, nyse’ Ls ea ATHSMASWSAW deneweenmeeeneecamemeeepee canemeetmeeeMeeesaneSeenSaneBeneSOnsGeesSaeHSOHOESsaessumsBaasFaneeensHemeHOee = c SISATIYNY ANON LNANLILSNOD SOLLSTILVLS ATO LNSANLTILSNOS O€dNS $4aM TS39¥d28/v0/ETSALVA WAILSASNOTIVMISTOAM"NIO°NMY evt 6yTée B22 OTT Ore A250 EPVOE Le 86 TTS 9 888 oa 882 ATHSYAAWAW WLOL ATHSMASWAW AWOH PETOL Bed same8 a E0B2L¢ ails NO S.LOSLTHOMY TA29 LS9t S¥VASMAAO WAHOP LLYNA AWLS YoIM AOXA SyvV¥I SV raO9D ANOS JNEIITLNSNLOSD yey Architects Registration Council of the United Kingdom , MEMORANDUM TO: G R Adams Esq REF: JLW/FR FROM: J L Walker. Accountant LEASE 73 HALLAM STREET BATH: lo Tanuary buh? = every 7 years from 25 December 1975, Therefore the next increase is cue trom 25 December 1989, PROJECTED INCREASE Enquiries made with Messrs Knight Frank & Rutley in January this r year, resulted in an estimate for a competitive rent for the type ot accommodation we presently enjoy of £25.00 per square foot. Present 3978 . @ £6.78 £27,000 p.a Prajected 4000 @ £259.00 £100,000 pa Increase _£73,000 pia (or £2.43 per Architect) This calculation does not allow for any increase in accommodation that may be required for an Education Department Staff. HAS 0 FOR Sve ERIsEeS OR Paep NEEL SCF Brfotsery MCMEFRS Wralty aor > “ 6 cee y 966 G7 Ge 69 fo Fo Fe 73 Zh 7 (FRB Hs =—Spo/ysee. GANS. =He Cath CE _levkornsve SRG, (WOSO FA I ARLE:Tort nesi Commembemes Bapies. |AAS - FAS.> AA- VOUS tT LESS STAMP: PFO A530¢.3 THDN S JSEAT for Sco MEMBERS Oe PART TULLE. UH ATTACHED: | | |Séer For: ‘S00 mgm Be25 StarBops+ oy Const 6o0y SEOTS, OR PaRY THERZOF. Riga. —BA ae iGo. 08 = ee+ 85 86 heudS—tree Gegheaecapree POM ATIAgH Ret. 91 92 a 1 AncueHM +4500 /yesy, Ae ursecr Hs5 ¢ a [occ Se sdeut|hs#800/vesn ! ! eae | | ARcuK Saunele MEMBERSHIP StaeuToRs.| fet AB RiBA SEATS .. .,—47 -| at :483 sen /yean. i. Spratt CoMs ot UNATIDEH SEATS. ba ion ert1 85. ei 67 88 BD Ye | | Py eg | | =hecece gO Lesieee a=a eeyee ACH MEMBERStHE THs. Ae CAMciL AS ar 1983 Novem Ber 1903 Spets—710.- | : 1966 | 1967] (960] (969) 1970] 1971 | 1972 | (973 | 19Te | 97S | 1976 11977] 1978 Y 2904 179 | isto] (981 | [962] IED ]I9e4 | I9US] ISeE| 19ET7] PEG | 1969 11990 Jiggs | 199Z / Tome Alar HS. |21577121325] 21652] 21947) 22395] 23069! 2372e|24S99]ZS344|25559]25Go4]26225 as73} 2 fern 127878| 27636] 27653) WaT4 deere]29%¢| Zoces| Jese+|Bocc| WS5ee|32] S2seu|Tose TOTAL RIGA Mess ]16e89/( 7103] i7Sehi7573 |)7754 [1es67 |i9ze4liy6s9 ]19975 frosts] r02e9] 19bie] 19702 re|zosae] 2061|20.478] (9926| 20173|20462) Zo7Ee 6&9 24 % 79-00 Bor2o} 7993] Bore)|79-26] CO-4H Vi-U7| 79-9 A Y 708s] Se iG] 79-0() 24-81 |74 4 6-37] 74-49 |74-50] 73-51] 69°99] 69-96] 6944 169.5 toTac CNarincd N°S [2297 [2195 | 2260/2300 | 136s | 2a5e | 22e2 | 2636 | 209] 2737] Bi2e |aize | ajen| de Lo-7TS} lorol| (O-AA4] 10°48} Jo+S7] (OVES |I-62| (aGF} rol | per7HI2-ci fis-7h| [o-So|| 12| [Get] (T+4.4) 17-79] (9-60 ]20-01|20-94] 2-39 ARCUE COUMICIC RiBA SEATS. 34a|34|35|36|36|3H 139|ae|ae] Alf At|Ao|Ae | A2|az|4b} 4°|AY|Ay|age Nor RIGA SeaTs STB wIUtey 3 fF id fF IS FR yrs Fad fous fF iS fF ss fF vB] 4B Jus fas 3 | iS Ftd Fs PIs frs }w CONS JAAS 2 \ ( I ( \ ( ( ‘ ( ( ( ( , \ FAS ( \ ( \ \ ( \ ( ( ( ‘ ( ( ( ( ( ! \ l ( ( ( AA 4A{lAalAl al A] 4) 4] 4) A] AL 4 Cg| 8 2 2| 2 ~a}2}re2truire2eflyoutejyr2frui2z2 fez sramp.| | ( \ ( ( \ ‘ ' ( | ( ( \ t \ { 3 ( \ \ ( ( \ { ( \ PRY \\\(\((( SusTora. au{2I1 2)|21|zy fo2t fatfj2y|2t 21, 2) |i re | ONAtzeh s}S}s]s}s [sts |6é 76|6 ]7| 9Po | | abje| sez | agsé| soe2] 5019 | 697 6356 | Uys ' i\(\\ :(\ ‘9 go fw fis io|wo} to} 2 fiz; | qteracmenpioal27|26|26|26|26] 26|26|27|27|27|ze|bo|2y zy {2|29|29 43!) 31 {32|se torasteve.Sess Sf|GO} 61162] 6a fea|bs|67|67|6%|69|70| OS 69|71|7)|7o|7)| 172 473|74|75|76177|7e|73 | 1 ‘| A -':*ii : | 20952|29593 [L974 yw] 2 (sf ud Pts pas ((!|!\({(!\\ 4\((((({\| ig} ty () | 09 ig] t9 \9 9 | ty ((\‘ 7 JS Allan Avanti Architects Limited Date 39/41 North Road LONDON N7 9DP Dear friend TW/EK 27 April 1987 I believe we need to meet soon to discuss: (i) the appointment of the education secretary’ Best wishes TW! TOM WOOLLEY Enc . Ourref 0%HUMBERSIDE COLLEGE Qo of Higher Education Strand Close Hull HU2 9BT Telephone (0482) 25938 School of Architecture Your ref I enclose a copy of a wonderfully helpful letter from Bob Adams. In view of this I think it essential that we all meet to discuss future strategy and tactics. Ken Forder agreed to pay our expenses to meet and I think we should take him up on this. This can either be arranged in London or I can offer Hull as a venue (which might be a more relaxed place to meet). As Alastair usually acts as co-ordinator, I will leave it to him to find a date. In the past our pre-meetings are rarely 100% attended, often I miss them myself, and I think that we should all make a superhuman effort to get together at least once. I also think we must use the advantage of numbers to continue to split RIBA voting, which means everyone attending meetings. For instance if Les Porsyth can't manage to come to meetings, he should stand down in favour of Andy Earl who I think is next on the voting list, especially as his boss is now ARCUK Chairman! (ii) the panel visit on the RIBA exam (iii) what Bob Adams says about getting publicity to lift our numbers for this year's count (iv) our power to call special council meetings (v) how we can raise funds to organise ourselves better (perhaps employ— ing a part-time secretary) (vi) how to counter RIBA plans to replace Forder (vii) how to exercise more influence on F + GP over financial decisions. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource G Adams Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived John Allan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 16.4.87 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/f8fee06a4c003debe70d5920632d1fb6.pdf 2807ac8f6e97ad4712fc3873120d0096 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brief particulars about candidates for forthcoming election to ARCUK Council (4pp Leaflet) Subject The topic of the resource Brief particulars about candidates for forthcoming election to ARCUK Council (4pp Leaflet) Description An account of the resource Architects Registration Council of the United Kingdom Brief particulars about candidates (i) Age Date of Admission to the Register of Architects. Name of Architectural Constituent Bodies of which candidate is a member (if any). Present professional post (including the name of the firm or employer) and previous professional experience. Committee experience (architectural and otherwise). (vi) Personal statement (if any). JOHN STEWART ALLAN 34 years 1976 ii i ) Unattached Project architect employed by Shepheard Epstein Hunter since 1973. Previously employed at Department of Architecture and Civic Design, The Greater London Council (Housing Division) ARCIJK: Member of Council 1979-80. Professional Purposes Committee 1979-80. Admission Committee 1977-78, 1978-79. Design & Industries Association 1967-69. Junior Liaison Organisation 1975-78. Chairman Highbury Plan Group 1975. Steering Committee, Blackstock Road Advico Centre 1978. TASS Building Desi n Staff National Advisory Committee 1977. Founder member, New Architecture Movement. Is ARCUK a •public interest body' or not? If it is, its constitution requires amendment to allow proper representation of that interest. If it is not, then its practices must be reformed to enable it at least to operate satisfactorily as a professional assembly. Either function could be of value. ARCUK currently claims both, but used as an RIBA sub-contractor it succeeds in neither. If ARCIJK's pronouncements on such forthcoming issues as the Code changes. Fee Scale, professional negligence and disgraceful conduct are to have any independent value, the question must be resolved. NORMAN FRANK ARNOLD 33 years 1979 Unattached Salaried Architect, Brian Golton Associates. founder member of 'ARCAID' (an aid agency for community groups), 6 years in private practice, 2å years in Local Authority planning and architecture. New Architecture Movement Liaison Group and Alternative Practice Group, establishment of 'ARCAID' steering committee. As a member of The New Architecture Movement, I wish to serve on ARCUK to change the representation and accountability of this statutory body. ARCIJK should have a democratically elected lay representation working together with an architectural one, enabling Architects to be made accountable to the public interest. This requires a change from the present nomination of councillors by constituent bodies, which allows no choice by tho majority of architects. Whilst 80% of architects are salaried. the RIBA holds 40 out of a possible 68 seats on ARCUK. Of these RIBA seats. 26 are held by principals in private practice, 10 by Local Authority Chief Architects and only 4 by other salaried architects. These seats are not open to election. There should be a democratic election of every Architect Councillor by all architects: a system operated by doctors electing the General Medical Council. MICHAEL DAVID BROAD 29 years 1978 Unattached Senior Improvements Officer. (Housing Action Areas), Edinburgh District Council. Previous employer. Sir Basil Spence, Glover Ferguson Partners. Presently working in conjunction with Residents and Tenants' Associations. Faculty Board Dundee University 1975; Perth Road Study Group 1975, AUEW/TASS; New Architecture Movement, Edinburgh Group, Liaison Group 1979-80. �DAVID JOHN BURNEY 32 years 1976 Unattached Salaried architect, Shepheard, Epstein 9 Hunter 7 years as salaried architect in private practice working on university buildings. New Architecture Movement. Past-Chairman BDS-TASS London Branch. Local Labour Party GMC & election committee As one of the New Architecture Movement candidates I intend, if elected, to give priority to improving contact between unattached architects and their councillors. Under the present arrangements ARCUK councillors have no statutory means of communicating with their constituents other than by this annual election address. As a result the councillors• ability to represent the views of the unattached on Council is severely hampered. Last year an improvement was introduced in the form of a question•naire to the unattached distributed by ARCUK on behalf of councillors. Further use of the questionnaire has. however, been vetoed by the dominant RIBA group on ARCUK. The message is clear; there are many issues. advertising, monopolies, conditions of engagement, education—on which the RIBA would rather the independent views of unattached architects were not heard on ARCIJK. A fractional charge on ARCUK's assets could enable the immediate introduction of.— A regular newsletter from unattached councillors to their constituents. Postal consultation of unattached before ARCUK debates on major issues. PETER JOHN CUTMORE 36 years 1969 (iii) Unattached Employed by Property Services Agency, Department of the Environment, in their regional headquarters at Cambridge since1968 as an architect designing and supervising various buildings of differing type and value. ARCUK: Member of Council and Board of Architectural Education 1979-80. Member and sub-section secretary of the Institute of Professional Civil Servants. Member of Local District Council Architects Advisory Panel. My aim on Council has been to contribute to the task of maintaining ARCUK's independence as _established by statute and representing the interests of the •unattached' by voting impartially on Council. I believe that the Council and BAE should be more open in its business and thus more accountable not only to architects but to society in general. The Code of Professional Conduct, including the Terms of Engagement, should be revised to allow architects more freedom of action in the building process. Principles must be expected of architects but they should not be inhibited by rules. JOHN DAVID MORGAN GAMMANS 50 years 1951 Unattached County Architect, Northamptonshire. Previously with City and County Architects Departments and National contracting organisation. (v) Society of Chief Architects' Practices and Procedure Committee; Joint Consultative Technical Committee. I belive it to be in the best interests of the Unattached members of the profession, particularly at a time of great change. to havo a balanced representation on ARCUK Council. JOHN CHARLES PHILLIP GIBB 47 years 1961 (iii) RIAS Chief Assistant, Department of Building Control, Edinburgh City District Council since 1977. Previously in partnership for five years, preceded by various posts in both public and private sectors. President of SAGE (Student Architects Group Edinburgh) in 1959 and currently involved. in official capacity, with the Building Control, Housing and Planning Committee of the District Council. (vi) In these days of crisis, consolidation and cuts, I fear that our profession may be losing its traditional place at the Head of the Building Team. and in order to avoid this happening we will have to look carefully at our training and at our professional Code. We are, I feel. at a crossroads and we must exercise great care in choosing the right path into the Eighties and beyond. PETER WILLIAM HOWE 36 years 1968 (iii) Unattached (ivy Salaried Architect with Faulkner-Brown Hendy Watkinson Stonor, Dobson House, Northumbrian Way, Killingworth, Newcastle upon Tyne NE12 OQW. Previously with J N Napper Partners, Newcastle— Assistant. Washington Development Corporation—Job Architect. Northampton Development Corporation—Senior Architect. Architects Design Group—Job Architect. G Block Watno a/s, Norway—Company Architect. (v) Northampton Shelter Group (Chairman). Nottingham Civic Society (Committee Member) I am particularly interested in seeing the standard of architectural practice improved, firstly by improvements in initial and continuing education of architects, and socondly by the way in which salaried architects are employed and rewarded. DEREK GLAISTER MANNING 54 years 1950 Unattached Salaried Architect. East Anglian Regional Health Authority. Previously with Basildon Development Corporation, Stevenage Development Corporation, Selleck Nicholls Ltd., Woodroffe, Buchanan Coulter. Architectural Advisory Panel, Cambridge. Component Development Group, DHSS. HUGH PHILIP MASSEY 27 years 1977 Unattached Project Architect, Metropolitan Borough of N. Tyneside. Previously private practice in UK and Canada. (v) Minories Community Association—sometime Committee member. Birkheads Cottagers—committee member, founder member. Designers & Architects Workshop. Newcastle founder member. (vi) My intention in running for election to Council this year is the same as it was last year to give expression to the great many people, particularly within the North East who feel their aspirations and concorns are never solicited or voiced within the Council. I feel very strongly that the unattached are. and must continue to be a positive force with very direct lines of communication to members. My pledge is to make the voice of those without the NBA pale, heard. JOHN DUNCAN MURRAY (i) 38 years 1967 (iii) Unattached Team leader Architect, London Borough of Haringey. Previous employer, Building Design Partnership. Experience: 13 years postgraduate mainly on education and housing projects in local govemment and private practice. Work for tenants associations. ARCUK: Member of Council 1978-79 and 1979-80, Finance and General Purposes Committee 1978-79, Professional Purposes Committee 1979-80. New Architecture Movement: Public Design Group. Ivi) In order to extend the accountability of ARCUK to the public and make it more representative of the profession. I feel that the Registration Act should be amended: Firstly, to create a substantial lay presence on the Council: Secondly. to mako all representatives of the profession on the Council subject to direct election, with seats allocated to different interest groups in proportion to their numbers (salaried architects in public and private practice, chief officers, partners etc.). If elected, I will continue with my colleagues to argue for a more open publicly responsible Council and for policies which aro in the interests of salaried unattached architects. This will involve canvassing unattached opinion and will include, for example. a campaign to abolish the RIBA closed shop existing in many local authority offices. �MARION ELIZABETH RUTH ROBERTS 28 years (ii) 1977 (iii) Unattached Salaried architect Stophcn George and Partners, working for local authorities and community groups. Previous experience five years private practice. ARCUK Council and Finance and General Purposes Committee 1979-80. New Architecture Movement Liaison Group. Branch Council, Building Design Staffs AUEW-TASS As an unattached councillor I think that ARCIJK should become more open, democratic and accountable. One of the ways in which this might happen is for ARCUK to discuss its own finances clearly and directly. ARCUK has approximately €63,000 of investments, a relatively small amount but important. The criteria for the investment of this money are obscure and at present no open discussion takes place over the direction of these investments. The unattached councillors have protested about ARCIJK's previous investments in companies connected with South Africa. I would like to see investment redirected towards more socially responsible institutions and companies. I also feel that ARCUK could invest some of this money in its own system of visiting boards. DAVID ROEBUCK ( i ) 33 years 1976 ( iii) Unattached Salaried Architect with Community Housing in North London. Previously employed in private practice and local government. ARCUK Council 1977-79. ARCUK Professional Purposes Committee 1978-79. Formerly an executive committee member of the 'Save Brighton Station Campaign' and served on the Council of Bribhton and Hove Amenity Societies, and architectural adviser to Green Bar Action Committee in Birmingham. Has prepared and submitted evidence to various planning inquiries and Government Commissions. Member of AUEW-TASS Building Design Staff. Founder member of the New Architecture Movement. (vi) The present rules and conditions adopted by ARCUK regulating practice should be replaced by a new system which encourages alternative forms of practice and service (e.g. architectural and design/ build co-operatives) more diverse methods of charging for it, and for the first time, real accountability of the architect to the user. DAVE SUTTON (i) 27 years 1979 Unattached Salaried architect, Solon South West Housing Association. Previous experience study of area improvements, including working with local community organisations. Founder trustee North Sheffeld Housing Association. Delegate to Bristol TUC from AUEW-TASS. Secretary Nottingham Street Neighbourhood Group (1973-1977) I consider that ARCIJK's Board of Architectural Education, the statutory body responsible for recommending exams, for entry to the Register. should be the forum to bring together representatives from inside and outside the profession to develop real accountability and social responsibility. Architectural training provides an important opportunity to link the profession with the community—using a local framework to establish real social constraints and promote sound technical competence. As a start ARCIJK should no longer delegate this duty to the RIBA through the system of visiting boards. EDWARD WALKER 29 years 1976 Unattached Currentlv in local practice in Leeds (under own name) engaged in work for community groups and organisations. Previously employed in company architects' office, PSA.. Landscape Design Office (Brian Clouston Partners). small private practice. Also supervisor on Community Centre Renovation Building Project. Member of 'Arcaid' Group. and aid agency for Community Groups. ARCIJK: Member of Council, replaced David Robson (resigned). and Admission Committee 1979-80. New Architecture Movement: Chairman AUEW-TASS Leeds West Branch 1979; Leeds Trade Council Delegate 1979. As an unattached councillor I would wish to promote a full and critical review in open Council of ARCIJK's disciplinary role and its criteria for disciplinary action. ARCUK's disciplinary concern should concentrate on serious questions of public welfare rather than being preoccupied with trivial infringemonts of the code. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ARCUK Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Undated