7 10 310 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/c12c2b05fc6fd75657dc3f895f0556d5.pdf dcc024759e9aea54e052406577483e83 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Call to end surveyors' fee-scale Subject The topic of the resource Article in Financial Times Description An account of the resource PROPOSALS WHICH could lead to the end of the fee-scale system of payment for Britain's sure veyors and architects were recommended in two reports from the Monopolies Commission yesterday. The reports concluded that surveyors' fee scales for property valuations and for property management. With the exception of those negotiated With clients' associations or public authorities, should be abolished. They recommended that while scales might continue to operate to cover architects' commissions and other types of surveying work. these should be determined by an independent conunittee in order- to protect the public interest. In addition. both types of business should In future be cutting, fewer practices and surveyors were operating against lower standards would quickly the public interest, the Com• ensue. mission said. The surveyors echoed these Building society survey fee cmnments and said that the scales did not operate against the Coin mission had seen fit to public interest but might do so recmmnend changes in the in the future. The Commission operation of scale fees which therefore recommended that would prove detrimental to the before any changes were made in the existing scale the Building Societies' Association should obtain the approval of the proposed independent committee. The Commission did not intend proposing any change in the scale system applying to surveying work involved in the com• pulsory purchase of land by public authorities, which was worked out in conjunction with the Inland Revenue. Where scales did continue to operate, it should be stated pronunently that they were not binding, that fees could be settled without reference to them and that suppliers of the services involved might quote fees in competition With others. the reports said. rchitects' Services and Surveuors' Services—two reports on the supply of sertuce.s u;ith reference to fee scales: SO; E2.S5 each. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource M Cassell Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10.11.77 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/935fa2927971d923a9c3656a23db8a3b.pdf 923082f9492a00ab635376f58a90b96b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miscellaneous Subject The topic of the resource Miscellaneous issues Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Various Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976-1980 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cardiff Seminar Subject The topic of the resource Notes for the seminar (3 pp total) Description An account of the resource ) NEWARCHI TEC TUREMOVEMENT NEWARCHITECTUREMOVEMENTNEWARCHLTECTUREMOVEMEN TVEWARCH |TECTUREMOVEMENTNEWA rotates annually. group members. In Cardiff the group is doing the following: / CHRDINESenn To #11 Those Conccernet To See A Democratic Environment - Have you heard of N.A.M.? 4 (1) Holding extensive discussions as to its purpose, the purpose of architecture, life etcecsccccce The New Architecture Movement exists to further the possibility for a genuinely democratic architecture, an architecture that will be from; for and by the people and is constituted to act both as a voice for change in the profession and as a platform for action in the fields of architecture, building and planning. It is a national body made up of federated groups in central and northern London, Birmingham and Cardiff. The current liasing group is in London but groups are autonomous and the task of liasing The Cardiff eroup meets fortnightly, if possible, and about half- a-dozen people usually attend with the the numbers increasing to over a dozen on specific projects. It is organised without heirarchy, with the responsibility of chairperson and convenor rotated amongst (2) Working with local pressure groups to oppose the Cardiff Central Area Redevelpoment - still a debacle after the collapse of Centreplan. (3) Sponsoring a proposal to the Manpower Services Commission under the Job Creation Programme to establish a project which would provide an environmental design service for community groups and an advice service toindividuals and ‘community groups. -It ie hoped that this pboject will commence in October or November of this year. (1) Providing delegates for a N.A.M. conference in November (26th. - 28th.) and producing papers on aesthetics and professionalism to be discussed at the conference and used with marerial from other N.A.M. groups on education, unionisation, private and local authority practises, as a basis for the production of a document to be published and publicised in succeeding weeks. (5) Participating in a 5th year students of architecture one- day symposium, "Architectural Education and Practise: Is There a Future?" this month.to be followed that same evening by a special N.A.M. Event intended to communicate the aims of N.A.M. to professionals and students in the environmental field. SEDSLENEANANPANE SRE REESE HE °ee REYRVR RRYY BR TIRES takes place at the Chapter Arts Centre, Market Road, Canton, Cardiff and begins at 7.30.pem.e on Friday ist. October. Those who come may expect to find the following: (1) Refreshments (Capter have a bar) (2) Repres entation by the N.A.M. Central London group who will describe their experience and views on such diverse topics as the Monopolies Commission Report on the R.I.B.A., their office survey, The National Design Service and Unionisation. (3) Peter Carter of the 'Green Ban' movement, who will discuss the 'Green Bans' and put forth his view of how hw sees the role of N.A.M. in such action, We hope there will be much informal discussion. You are invited to attend this Event. FRE RRREBRRR AE HEAR EAR ERO uaerarer ary TORIES HEEESUeKS (4) Anne Delaney from the Cardiff group who will elucidate upon the structure of the New Architecture Movement, NAM. Cardiff/SB, RAC, PFD/27.10.76 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource NAM Cardiff Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived John Allan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27.10.76 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/61489f74b2c7cd007f153120f0076e15.pdf 8a0aabc47fba84206594cf3281dee941 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Education Description An account of the resource Many NAM members were engaged in the field of architectural education, either as staff or students, and pursued new ideas for course content and pedagogy, reassessing existing course structures and priorities in conventional architectural training. The concern to focus on socially necessary buildings and to find new and meaningful ways of engaging with building users and the wider community- both central NAM themes - illuminated much of the discussion. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaos hits RIBA dispute with ARCUK' Subject The topic of the resource Article by J Wood Description An account of the resource No 828 - ..vgvopaper lor me design team Privy Council drawn into controversy AN astonishing RIBA Denys Hinton told BD that the resubmit its candidates, but it bungle in its battle with agm scheduled •for Wednesday had been cancelled until should also go through the usual canvassing procedures before its the Architects Registra- Monday. March 30 on the list is drawn up. and this is tion Council (Arcuk) has advice of the Privy Council. clearly impossible in a week." led to the Privy Council would allow the RIRA Council meeting next Wednes- list has been put at risk by an attempt at "conciliation" being called in to adjudi- day to endorse its candidates from the Kingston school's cate. and is sure to fuel the row which deputy head, Peter Jacob. who is erupted when the institute member of the RIBA Council On its advice. the Arcuk announced them in February. and Arcuk's education com- annual general meeting was 42 nominations to the 65- mittee. postponed this week because strong body omitted many has tabled a motion for the RIBA Council had not next week's RIBA Council endorsed the institute's list of nominees for Arcuk By John Wood meeting condemning the omission of Hinton and Adams from Council. existing members including the list. and calling for concilia• tion between the two bodies. •that lisé is in jeopardy — a motion opposing it has been Hinton and Bob Adams. chair. men of the council. Jacob. who has served on tabled for the RIBA Council institute claimed that the Arcuk's education board for meeting next week. new blood on the council would several years. has been dropped Arcuk's education chairman strengthen its presence. but from the institute's nominations for that body without a word of How the others saw it asa cynical attempt to rein in Arcuk after itopposed explanation. The RIBA has put forward 16 the institute's education policy. Commenting on the cancella- practitioners. in response. it argument lion. Arcuk Council member Norman Arnold (who is not an claims, to extra places being created on the board for heads of RIBA member) complained schools. started that he had only been given one day's notice of a meeting that is usually arranged one year in PSA jobs Eating out A TOP-LEVEL meeting be- advance. BRYAN Jefferson, director- PLANS to turn a disused tween the RIBA and Arcuk led He said that with such short general of design services at the London church into an Ameri- to the current cold war, Arcuk notice some council members PSA. is to stay in his job until can-style restaurant have been Council was told on Wednes- would be unavailable for the June 1989 at the DoE's request. rejected on appeal. Westminster day by chairman Robert Adams. rearranged meeting and there But Kenneth Jeavons, 47, will council. supported by Save, ile said that at a meeting on could be pressure for a further succeed Fred Levy as director of opposed development of St February 3 president Larry delay. architectural services on April I. Marks, North Audley Street, Rolland and vice-president On the reason for the cancel- Levy is retiring. Jeavons joined because of its fine Victorian Peter Melvin asked Adams and lation he commented: "The the DOE Property Services interior. The inspectorcalled for Denys Hinton to overturn Arc uk's strengthened role under the EEC directive. RIBA should be allowed to Agency in 1970. "more appropriate uses" This would increase Arcuk's for architectural Modest Budget boost responsibility education at the expense of the RIBA. Hinton and Adams refused to comply. They were Informed that they would not be nominated for Arcuk Council. At a later meeting they were told the RIBA would reverse all education decisions made by Arcuk in the last year. Arcuk Council member John Allan said this appeared to constitute a pnma tacic case of "disgraceful conduct" by the RIBA representatives involved. CHAOS HITS RIBA DISPUTE wlTH ARCUK DDEX ROSTRUM 2, FRIDAY MARCH 201987 Fire swept throegb Glasgo•'s Ca d•Oro building last Friday. causing extensive damage to the e interior and destroying mtxb or original irongork. in 1812 by John as a furniture tbe building is un&rcoing IS million comersion to offices and shops by Scott Brownrieg & Turner. Along With John Bair&s Gardeners Building in J•miea Street. Ca d'Oro. on tbe corner of Unif*l Street and Gordon Street. is the most u.histicated exercise in c. framed •rchit«tore in Scotland. Only tse day before. council finally gave to Sir Leslie ih 120 million concert hall the St Andrew's Halls, 25 years ago, *design page S +13 "dud/ THIS year's budget goes only contractors and consultants. VAT — this will only apply on a marginal benefits to the con- "Although there is no specific "cash received basis" for com• struction industry. But cuts in the help for the construction and patties with a turnover ofless than PSBR. loner interest rates and property industries. the modest €250,000. This will improve cash changes in VAT payments will overall stimulus to the economic flow and avoid up-front payment reduce business costs and make environment will bring more of VAT on bad debts. 56, Infill 9, Comment 9, PerspectiVe 10, Scorpio 11, SAGs 11. Letters 12-13. Features 14-28, New products 38-39, Products in practice 41, Easiebeek 42, Dateline 43, Free classified 44, Corbusier considered A weeks later became part of F*'tel extension in Deg on. or shopptng mall tn Long Island. an complex in Nice. pool pavilion in Honolulu, out glaung system and fully documented iot 21 rwp.w winds and it. oi snow; spanning from to and Fot yout next curves. we insite yoo to Appointments 4S-SS. Our learning. MACHIN DESIGNS u,qrry-l) Ransotne•s Patkgate Road, Loadoe SWI t 01 223 040 11 investment in construction more business to the industry and to its Business expansion schemes — I. profitable, according to the customers." investment made in these in the RIRA. Corporation tax — basic rates first six months of the year can A team of financial experts and for businesses with less than now be offset against the previous architects headed by Max Hutch• EIOO.OOO profit each year have year's tax. 'Illis bill make more inson said: "It's a small business been reduced from 29 to 27 per investment capital available for On September 3 1986 we be-or our budget benefiting small sub- cent. continued pago 3 21 ,000th bat. pages 14-21 Enter 1 ON ENOUIRY EXPRESSCARO 2 BUILDING DESIGN. March 20, 1987 FRIENDLY greetings were be anything as simple as a single Thom Gorst on David Wild at the RIBA. hero was Mies van der Rohe. the Lenin tribune etc) onto the shouted across the packed reasoned argument. or an epi- Three years at the AA were grid. The diarist who bought the foyer. David Wild's reputa- sode by episode history. It was part dialectic, part life story, not dwelt upon. and he wassoon thing then laid a personal life on tion has spread well. There were students and ex-students part slide-show and part jazz/ blues session. It was. by and call of back in the States again. Suddenly the auditorium was dren- top of the lot, By now the slides were completely out of order. "This free form and small heros. and perhaps two big ones. For all ot large,a treat to be part of. ched With blues sineng. . . "I'm ring to Chtcayy. Ibis is what is — a real challenge." The audience loved one or them on Tuesday evening, He left his early days until a bit later on. First of all he wantedto •m gonna do • ...the photographs from the proJcctors sped it. And so finally to the archi- the RIBA was the place to be. The rear partition slid out of clear the air about LeCorbusier. possibly in case anyone in the audience had the Wild along. They were disparate street scenes from Chicago's tecture. or at least to the house that Wild built for himself in sight as the main lecture hall was been persuaded by South Side. The slides started to north London over a period of expanded to its full capacity. Roddy Gradidge the previous show Wild's fascination With the four years. "Isn•t it better todo Ted Cullinan mounted the week. To Corb,archltccturcwas juxtaposition of opposites. something slowly and carefully the play of masses broughtwithin a geometrical grid. A together by light. To a famousdown-and-out and a bus.ness London practitioner of theexecutive in front of a Mies modern style, though. thefacade. Wildispreoccupiedwith definitive form of moderncollage, but in Amertca he architecture was thecornmercialthinks you don't have to make block. How many speculativecollages — you find them again office buildings did Le Corbusierand again. Another short burst do? Wild couldn't remember theof music and more images from number. Perhaps there was — making spaces. some truth in James Dunnett•sthe South Side. rostrum. "I first met David Wild suggestion that the RoutemasterAt this point the slides went if you have time? Who says time at the end of the (David bus was nearly the best piece ofout of synch, It was almost ts money! I don't." does a thumbs up to a friend in modern architecture in London.bound to happen. The two To him. there is absolutely the audience) when we all thought And now he began. "I wascarousels took turns to project nothing satisfying as making buildings should be built by the tx»rn by the seaside. At the agc ofonto the screen. so that one slide things. It may bc the first design people and tor the people." But three I was taken to New Yorkfaded in while the previous one model for his house. it may be then there wasa recession which on the Queen Mary. I was hungfaded out. It took two assistants the ground plan With regulating led us to monetarism, and from the edge Of the Empireat the projection table tooversce lines laid studiously upon it tn conservatism, and carelessness. State Building. So I'm involvedthings. Sadly. what had been red ink. It may bc the working when fatalism took over from With the metropolis."well rehearsed was gotng well drawings ("if you look hard you optumtsm. Early influences seemed towrong. "Never mind. They can see the dimensions") or it This was to be an optimistic have been the Boys Fun Book andchanged the slides round as a may be the lovingly constructed evening — so optimistic that similar publications that en-joke in my first public lecture. I shuttering for the circular Wild's first words on rising to couraged him to make things.learned all about aranoia and columns. the rostrum were "This is going He was particularly impresseddefensible space t at evening." He went on to show other to be a serious talk. . .so please with instructions for a "PocketHe poured a large glass ofthe red projects, including a plan for a feel free to burst out laughing". Receiver for Sports Fans".liquid from the green bottle. house next door to hrs own. that Very seriously, he opened a Better than the kits you get theseComing back to England he is inspred by Adolf Loos(whois charming little attache case and days.tried to put the radicalrsation he now more interesting to Wild removed a huge and varied Back in Britain he went topicked up in the States to some than Mies). selection of books. The case grammar school and failed hiseffect. He produced the Big Red He finished with a kaleido• must have been bottomless. A-levels badly. He worked on aDiary for Pluto Press that many scope of slides With musical especially as the last item to building site, but then went towill remember fondly. but few backing that seemed tobnngthe emerge was a corked green art college to study architecturewill know was conceived as lecture right back to its begtnbottle with what turnedout tobe (you only needed O•levels inanother collage. The day by day ning. Every book had been a red liquid inside. those days), He spent five days alayout was a grid. He latd quoted from. and the bottle was evening wasn't going to week drawing things. His first Child of the metropolis in his London home. Photos: Georr Beeckrnan. historical images (drawings of getting low. Paul Finch on the European shopping centre conference. MONTE Carlo an irresis- even prayer. In Short become a wnpowrnv« 1.000 delegates and companions Shop supermarkets. tible attraction for more than way of life rather than giant-sized to this year's European Council Centres in the US. delegates, Of Shopping Centres conference. heard, had already been designed About half the delegates were purely on the basis of this type of British, including representatives market research. Other informa- of nearly SO firms of architects tion from across the Atlantic was and designers. by far the largest talk less cheerful: centre owners plan single national group. Crighton to take part later this year in a and Fitch had hired yachts (the national campaign to persuade former unfortunately becoming different ways. and that centres adolescents tostay off drugs — 10 entangled the Niarchos probably needed to be places for per cent arc "chemically depen- usingPOlNT ASTERmeans... mega-yacht on an unuiseattempt meeting and spending time "ith dent"; neøs another chilline piece of to leave the harbour); what shopping attached — "attractive gas that 1.5 million people recession we wondered. as cham- places "here people might buy". *ere fingerprinted in US shop- paene and fruits de mer arroed in ne centres of the 1990s uould ping centres last year as part of a abundance. need a local identity. be activity- security and child protection In the UK. up to 50% time saving centre doelopers heard. can shoppingsee only based. ties for provide sports, increased recreation facili•and of scheme. shopping•Not quite the human face boom times round the corner: Rrfect results with unskilled schemes under construction or with planning permission total 62 million square feet. Of the 600- Only one tm/ and accessories Odd have centres yet to built be since refurbished 1965.500or produces four major remodelled, noted Harold Couch THE SPIRAL STAIRCASE SPECIALISTS joint forms of Parker.property consultants Ilillier Good rent growth and de- Already used and specified by mand bright from prospects. retailers though made therefor most leading contractors and specialists. were some clouds — he did not Avat7able from most builders merchants belieu• more than one in three proposed out-of-town centres and leading DIX. stockists. uould take place. The theme of the conference If they are out of stock or you have any trouble finding it — was the "human face of shop. ping", and demographic stati• ring Terry Huxley on 0443-690954. We are here to help. stics came in thick and rast — rather less attention "as paid to the "inhuman face" of buying All from a television screen. Either way, what developers and archi• TO,99 ...POINT tects need to consider is social OOVESTIC ST.VR COMMERCIAL/FIRE ESCAPE trends. 1800 Market researchers sug- The range of steel staircases is the ftst have t4'en gested that the significant Euro- spec'%cajty created to ocmply •mth the new Budog Regulators pean trends gere the increase of (1985) "non-conventional" families as shoppers, more older couples Stai•cases are av,iiåbk' in ever.' category as defined by BS 5395 EXCALIBUR HAND TOOLS LTD whose children had left home (the Part 2 INDUSTRIAL. "emancipated Old") and the PUBLIC FIRE ESCAPE PURPOSES, Freepost, unit 6, Merthyr Industrial Park. increasing people living likelihood on their of own.old Al' FCC cocrpet.rj•ve ate suitable pree multpstcce•v'åSt to ow sales cc cav at our Rntrebach, Merthyr Tydfil, Mid Glamorgan. Shoppers were not class-related centra' London srat•case showroom CF48 4BR. Tel: 0443 690954. groups "multi-dimensional but people who models"fitted Sa.és, AJbon Des. ot Camerase ltd. each with their assn ••socio style". street. lcndcr,WC2HBOJ 1 IS fines) WI'at this meant fordevelopers was the recognition that social groups had to be catered for in Enter 2 ON ENQUIRY EXPRESSCARO Enter 3 ON ENQUIRY EXPRESSCARO Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Building Design Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived John Allan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 20 March 1987 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/60d49f079ca96a6f6cb463cfd5a2c087.pdf d4ff985b169803e1dd171698ced4c8c4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Alternative Practice Description An account of the resource This investigated other forms of organisation of architects' offices based around the concept of cooperative working and shared equity. Several members went on to establish their own practices adopting such models. A pre-eminent example was Support Community Building Design, which emerged from a small group of graduates from the Architectural Association which went on to create a cooperative practice focused on potential client groups in society which traditionally were not the beneficiaries of the architectural profession which, we would have said, was essentially the handmaiden of capital. These groups eventually included local authority tenants, women's groups including refuges, ‘black’ i.e. racially self-defined groups. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chelyabinsk Housing Project Subject The topic of the resource JM involved Architype in provision of Ecolite low energy housing for housing project in Chelyabinsk, Urals, Russia. Project did not complete due to 1998 Russian Financial crash Description An account of the resource ARCHITYPE Architype was established as a co-operative in 1984 by architects Jon Broome and Bob Hayes, specialising in environmentally friendly buildings and self-build projects, later becoming a commercial practice. Both Broome and Hayes previously collaborated with Walter Segal, with Broome acting as project architect on his self-build housing in Lewisham. This influence has carried through in the work of Architype who have used the Segal system in their self-build projects in Brighton. Broome has always been a fervent advocate of architects acting as agents on behalf of others and he has promoted self-build as a participatory technique that can empower users. Since his departure, Architype has switched emphasis away from self-build, whilst Broome still enables self-build projects through his own practice Jon Broome Architects and has also published a book on the subject, The Green Self-build Book. JM involved Architype in provision of its Ecolite low energy housing for housing project in Chelyabinsk, Urals, Russia. Visited Chelyabinsk twice with Jon Broome Architype. Project did not complete due to 1998 Russian Financial crash. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ARCHITYPE Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 13-21 September 1997 and 14 March 1998 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/550de2f492bcf3eaf63a6e8879bd0765.pdf 5e5f87a49757334049c4d36796beb9b5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clean Up ! Subject The topic of the resource 40 pp. Report to ARCUK on improper constitution of the Council Description An account of the resource How seats on AKCUK should be properly apjo:1 tioned in accordance with the architects kKegistration Act 1951 The Architects kegistration Act 1951 requires the Council to be constituted in accordance with the First Schedule of that act. The ScbhBaule provides for appointment of members by various bodies and Gov't. winisters as well as for the direct election by architects of architect members. There is no explanation of the intention of the constitution, no systematic approach. The members may, however, be broken down into 5 groups: (1) Those appointed by the Councils of a number of named organisations presurea to have architect members, in propoition oi one appointee ior every 500 (or part thereof) ot some kinds of their architect members. Appointees may, but need not, be architects. See Par. 1 (i-vi) subject to: 5a-e); (2) Those elected by sone architects not considered by the Act to be some kinds of architeet members of the above organisations, again on a 1:5U00 basis. Those elected must be architects. See Par..1 (vii) subject to 5 (a-c). (S) One member appointed by the Council of another organ- isation of architects, who may, but need not, be an architect. See Par, 4 Gili ).. (4) Five members in total appoi:ntea by various Gov't. entities, who may, but neea not, be architects. See Par. -Cix). (S) Une member appointed by the Council of each of 7 organisations connected with the building industry, who way not be architects. See Par.2. [Doe.18] Although seats eaKhuen NyTp toe > appear to be on a basis of 1 seat per 50U people, the Act clearly does not establish a consistent system of 500 architects = i AkGUK wember. Note for example that: ka} as below, some architects are not to be represented (a) (b), some architects are to be represented more than others (c)(d), only some architects must he represented by architects (c), and some architects are to be uirectly they are nmenbers (f). (e) The "anomaly" of (3) above. represented and not represeited by the body(s) of which (a) Account is to be taken only of "fellows, associates & licentiates" of the bodies citea (ii) but no such gualitication in Par 1(i) and appiies to the bodies (b) Account is not to be taken body cited in Par l(iv) but no applies to the bodies cited in (c) Architect members of more than cited in (i-v) are taken account of which they are members. (According figures as of 31-i0-7S, there are architects reckoned for the purposes be members of the boaies citeu totals ada up to 22196, thus 792 (d) Honorary, corresponding or bodies citeu in (i-v})kuxxKBK are of under (vii) and not under (i-vi). although ARCUK's Regs. refer to account of under (vii) as "unattached", be members of one of the hodies of stuaent members of the such qualification (iii) (v) and (vi). one of the bodies of in all the bodies to ARCUK'S 21406 individual oi the Act to in (i-V), but seperate multiple memberships.) retired members of the to be taken account Par 3(c). E.G.» those architects taken they may well cited in (i-vi). (£)The.varyingqualiiicationsiorSpmeiie architect or not under (1) (2) and (3) above. (g) Only architects ordinarily resident in the UK are to be taken account of although the appointing -Councils of the bodies cited in kar 1 (i-vi) pre- sumably represent architects resiuent abroad as well as non-architects, it may be of interest to note that the wording, and thus the meaning, on the ofiicial notice calling for nominations sent out to "unattached" architects by AkCUK departs trom the Schedule in some ways. E.g., the Schedule under Parl(i) and (ii) states “...architect members... being fellows, associates or licentiates," white the Notice reads "Corporate embers (including fellows, associates and licentiates)." The notice ces makes no distinction between the bodies cited in (i-vi) regarding (a) ana (b) aiscussed above. (see attached documents) it shouid also be noted that the Act definitely gives no special importance to any Councillors as opposed to- any “others: -Alt-ere-equal.The model-ofARCUK's constitution aspropounded by the kIBA---and even AKCUK (see "Composition" on p.3% of peach-coloured AKCUK info. booklet published larch 1976, attached, and note total absence of elected Councillors. See also "adverts" on p.24-25.)---is that ARCUK is composed of architectural "constituent bodies" (a term of ever-changing meaning which appears nowhere in the Act or hegs) of which the RIDA 1s “the leading constituent body’ -(see p.15, trait AKCUK Annual Keport for 1979-80) if not the only one of any Signilticance. (Note that despite AkCUK kegs lo and 14, menbers oi AKCUK appointed under Far.1(ix) and 2 are never Wo 35] electea te the Council's important Finance & General Purposes ana Frofessional Purposes Com ittees.) When the Council was iirst constitutea in harch 1932, of 42 menbers there were 12 appointed by the KIBA, 15 by other "arch." bogies, 5 “representing unattached architects," 5 appointed by gov't. and 7 appointed by other construction industry organisations. (see attached). By March 1940, by which time the 1936 Act had made regis- tration mandatory for architects, the figures had changed to 15 RIBA, 15 other “arch.” hodies, 2 7 “unattached"TM, with the remaining unchanged. (see attached). The only ways in which the Act appears to treat one architect differently from another are (1)that any arch. i who is a member of any boby reierreu to in the Schedule (not merely oi the so-callea "arch. constituent bodies") nay have a member oi that body apvoiuteu to a viscipline Comiittee of AKCUK hearing a case oi "disgracetul conduct" against him or her and (2)that those for the purposes of the First Schedule to be menbers of one: of: the bodies referrred to-in Par.) (i-vi): may eleet members of AkCUK. Finally. it should be noted that in no way does _the Act suggest that AKCUK should be composed largely of itects. archs. not considered [Dv 36 architects, should be controlied by organisations with architect menbers, or shoulda serve the interests of arch- How AiCUK is improperly constituted (1) than called for by the Archs. Keg. Act 19351. wembers of that Institute, being fellows, associates or licentiates thereof." (our underlining) “About ten years ago the kIBA amenaeda its hoyal Charter (with brivy Council approval) to create a single class of “Corporate Member" ( a tern not found in the AGt) and eliminated all "fellows, associates and licentiates." Although the Act seems clear that only architect members of the KIBA who are fellows, associates ofr licentiates shoulu be taken account of under Par.1 (i), ARCUK, igncring the change in the kiba's Charter, takes account of architect members oi the KkibA under Par.1(i) who are not fellows, associates or licentiates. it should be noted that at-a similar -time, the -RIBA also amended its Charter to eliminate the class of ketired Members. ketired members Since then have been classed as "Corporate Members". (Figures supplied by the kIBA to an kIbA member contirn that the KhIBsa now has between 1000 and 1500 such retired members classed as Corp. members who pay reduced sunscriptions because they are retired.) Although the Act is very clear that Ketired Members are not to be considerea as architect members of the FIRA but should be taken account of under Par.1(vii) as "unattached" architects, AKCUK has ceasea to do this since the change XK 7 The electea Councillors believe that AkCUK is allowing the xx&@WK RIBA Council to appoint more members of AKCUK (LL) ~. The First Schedule, Par. 1(1), of the 1941 Act proviaces tor AkCUK to include "one member appointed by the Council of the RIBA in respect of every 500 architect ee in the kiBA's Charter. : Et may also be noted Peat although the Nat. Ped. of Building Traues Operatives (nore recently known as the Nat. Fed. of Construction Unions) is entitlea to appoint a Council member under Par.2, since it dissolved (although its member unions still exist) its seat has remained vacant, Annual Keports of AkCUK indicating "Not entitled to nominate" rather than “not nominating.” The elected Councillors believe, thereiore, that according to the Act, (1) The RIBA Council has at present no right to appoint any AkCUK Councillors (and should not have been allowed to do so since it changed its Charter to elininate feliows, associates anu licentiates). (2) Those architect members ot the kiba who are ordinarily resident ip the UK aud who are ueened not to be architect members of kIBA because they are honorary, cori esponding or retired members—-and only these--should be taken account of by AKCUK under Par 1(vii) and be "represen- tea" accordingly as "unattached" architects, (vi) and (vii) excludes trom reckoning members ot the kIBA, not merely those who associates or licentiates eit iee. oi course proviso in Par 3 (¢)). (3) The Act should be applied to Par 1] (ii-vi), other organisations with architect menbers, in the same way as it should be appliea to (4) Assuming that ii the K1BA were not the kIBA. alloweu to appoint meubers of AkCUK as per (1) above appropriate changes in its Charter it would nake to make such as Par.1] all architect are lellows, to the covering appointments again legal, action should also be taken Dacs. SbF to insure that at that time seats on ARCUK are appor- tioned strictly in accordance with the act. There is good reason to believe that AKCUK at present considers as members of the KIBA many archs. who are not RIBA menbers and considers as "unattached" fewer architects than required,. The consequence o1 this is that there would still be more kIBA-appointed Councillors than called for by the Act and too few "unattached". The evidence tor be- lieving this is presenteu below, JI-Jil-IV. [2.34] { How AkCUK is improperly constituted (11) Implications of survey responses In response to a questionaire published in the Architects Journal of 30-1-80 (see attached), 28 (that is, 25%) of the 112 architects who said they were "unattached" and answered the question whether or not they had received official nomination papers from ARKCUK (as all "unattached" architects should) said they had not. (Obviously, 112 architects responding is a small sample of the presunably over 5000 unattached. There is no leason on the tace of it to believe, however, that the sample is necessarily biased regarding the giestion.) : Of these 28, 16 gave their names on the questionaire and the elected councillors have checkea their staterents against AhCUK records. Oi these .16, ALCUK records showed 6 claimed by one o r more oi the bouies cited in First Schedule, Farl (i-v) including 5 claimed by the kIBA. Three were claimed by no body but were not included in the unattached total (!). Une was listea as unattached but was not shown on the list oi unattached voters It has not yet been possible to ascertain whether he has been incluaed in the total oi unattachea usea tioning seats on AKCUK. The other 6 are as being unattached (presumably a postal problen). Thus, ot 16 traceable, 9 or 10 can be considered confirmed not heing considered by ARCUK as unattached, a confirmation rate of 60%. Applying this rate to the total said they had not received papers, suggests tor appor- indicatea by AkCUK of 2& who that t6.6 Of Ci): as the 28 might be confirmed, e.g. 15% of the xXx 112 responding. This implies that rather than there being now 4381 "un- attached" archs. as clainea by AKCUK, there may really be775nore, or5154. NL18 43%| - Atthesanetime,otKheigite traceable, 9 were attributed to the RIBA, a confirmation rate of 31.25%. Applying this rate to the 28 ot 112 who said they had not received papers suggests that 8.75 might be confirmed. Thus, ARCUK may be attributing &.75 to kIBA for each 16.8 it may be wrongfully denying the "unattached." This implies that rather than there being 20090 RIBA nembers on the kegister (for lst Schedule purposes), there are only 19719. The implications for the apportionment of seats on ARCUR Of this alone ts that 2b, 10t- 9, ee should be elected and 40, not 41, appointed by the RIBA. It should be noted that the kegistrar oi aiCUK has pointed out that 406 ou. ine 4381 Supposedly sent nomination papers in Nov.'79 returned them (as requested on the form) because they were menbers of one oi the relevant boaies and were thus mistakenly considerd unattached. Assuming that AKCUK considerea then only 4315 (allowing for 66 mistakes) as unattached, the above figures would be nodified to 5076 unattached, 19790 KIBA. No change in inplications lor seats on AkCUK. It should also be noted that in addition to those responding to this questionaire, ciliors know personally architects some of the elected coun- who claim they resigned from the kIBA several years ago by ArCUK as kIBA. They also occasionally who say AKCUK regards then as never been members oi the kiba. (One case is David Heath, a ana are still classified meet architects KIBA althoush they have an [e.6] \ still regarded as hIBA by AKCUK even though he has never been a KibA member and has written.expressly to AkCUK to Say so apa to ask to be properly consiuerea as "unattached". ) The tegen included here ot people wrongly classi- fied by ARCUK could include some of the architects who eae peer expelled by the KIBA, or resigned, after the Oct. 31 ARCUK "cut-off" but before the jan/Feb 1980 Survey date. See(Id) for how KIBA uses Regs. loophole by admitting and reinstating members just before 31 Oct. and expélling members just after. The figures would not include people who still considerea themseives K1BA wenbers, aespite not having paid their subscriptions, perhaps for several years, because they had not bee expelled by the KIBa. See CZF) (WV) How AkKCUK is improperly constitutea (111) Use of AkCUK Regs. "loophole" by kIBA (Gct.31 date) One reason why the RIBA Council has been allowed by AKkCUK to appoint more members than the Act calls for is that the Regs. of ARCUK (made under Sec 13 of Act, by kh1iBA-controlled AkCUK, with Frivy Council approval) call jor the membership submitteu to AkCUK to be that on a Single day only, 51 GUctober annually. the k1BA Council conveniently admits new members ana reinstates ex-members annually just before that date but expells members annually just after that date. Thus, once a year’:at Oct.d1 the nembership ot the RIBA for AKCUK purposes is higher than during the rest of the year. For the past three or four years these expulsions have averaged about 750 per year. As about 76.3% of the RKIBA's corporate membership is consiuered by AKCUK to be architects resident in the UK, one may assume that of those 750, x 76.5% or 570, are credited by ARCUK to RIBA. The figure which AnCUK uses to apportion seats for appointment by the kI#A Council thus ought to be 19520, not 20090, on this assumption alone. Fresumably twost (95%, or 545) otf these 570 should be adaed to the total ot those considered by AKCUK to be “unattached," with the retsinder still members appoint members of AKCUK under the kIBA Council considered that employed this device. Apparently, it had by error not the "true" menbership i ot another body enabled to Ist Schedule, Par 1 (ii-v). It was pointed out by the kegistrar that in 1977 was thus for once reported to ARCUK. AKCUK's figures for the "unattached" reflect this: in 1975, 2757; in 1976, $128; in, 197%, AL205. in 1978... 40h, 2 3§ 4) 8Lin) «taBe re ke wydey -sbey, oulyenyory)LeRe Evens ralag : ASAA ory “Ay NGYvy IDs es. 4-42| [Doe 33] |Die 38) coc. 38] How AkKCUK is improperly constituted (IV) ARKCUK purposes?: the question of RIBA arrears. / bDocunent @) When does an RIBA member cease to be a member for Having heard continued stories of architect members of the RIBA resident in the UK who had not been expelled by the RIBA despite long subscription arrears, the elected councillors were also struck by what appeared to be an annual discrepancy between the number of corp- orate members claimed by the RIBA and the subscription inconie actually received from those menbers. According to the RIBA's treasurer, this apparent discrepancy is due to the fact that many RIBA members pay subs at reduced rates, thus accounting for the apparent Shortfall in subs income (compared to the total to be expected if all corporate members paid full sub). In recent years this apparent discrepancy has been the equivalent of 550U members (approx.) not paying any sub out ot a total ot 26500 if the remainder paid full sub. It is difficult to find out the numbers of menbers at full and reduced subs and in arrears. KIBA refuses to give such info to non-members and even members have found it so far inpossible to secure the info from the RIBA. From seme figures recently supplied by the RIBA to a member, account can be taken ot those who pay reduced subs and the apparent discrepancy described above brought down to a more realistic figure. kIBA full sub for 1979 was £50. An assumed apparent discrepancy of 5500 menbers (it was 5811] in 1978) would account for a shorttali of £275,000. 4275 ,000 -{63925 =4191,075 still to account for It is known, however, that ot the RIBA's approx. 5500 overseas corporate members (5522 in 1978), those in KEC countries are expected to pay tull sub and all others, half. we have not been able to obtain a breakdown into these categories from the kIBA, but examination of several pages selected at randow trom the kIlbA Directory of Members suggests that roughly 9 (say, 500) are from other EEC countries, principally Hire. An examination of RIBA membership figures at the time (1970-71) when Eire members ceased to be shown in RiBA's UK figure and began to be shown in the overseas figure confirms this estimate. Thus another 5000 nenbers must be reckoned at a reduction of £25, accounting ror £125,000. £191,075 (from above) -{125,000 =£66,075 still unaccounted for. This could be accounted for if 1322 members on full sub were completely in arrears, e.g. haa not paid any of 1979 sub. But members at full sub are expecteu to account for only 82.6% of the total expected sub incone. So it is really more likely that there are 1601 members in arrears, if arrears are assumed spread evenly among all members regard- XESS is: 333 newly-qualitiea members © reduction 1026-—" : 2 . 53 "semi-retired" overseas members & " 219 retired menbers © of 25.00 = 8325 12.50 =12825 39.50 = 2094 39.00 = 8601 43.20 = 39850 25.00 = 12200 922 "fully retired" 488 "semi-retired" " - . {83925 less of sub level they are on. li these arrears are then distributed proportionally among those KIBA nembers on the Kegister of Avchivects and resident in the UK (76.3% of total), and those who are not, one can assume that 1222 are people whom ARCUK counts as RIBA members for the purpose of apportioning seats on AKCUK. However, it is probably correct to assume to assume that this figure should be higher, for two reasons: (1) It can be assumed that a higher percentage of the people being kept on as members despite arrears are on the Register and resident in the UK since the RIBA has little to gain by keeping others on as “mewbers." (2) Fresunably, some people have paid Sone part ot their sub, so the total number of people in arrears must be increased to account for the same shortfall in income. s we think it safe to assume that of the architects whom ARCUK presently counts as hiBA members for the purpose of apportioning seats on AkCUK, approx. 1500 ot 20090 are in arrears and that the great najority of these, 9540 or 1425 (since less than 5y of hIBA menbers so counted by AkCUK are also members of one, of the. other bodies mentioned in the Ist Scheaule, par 1 (i-v}), should be consiuered as "unattached." li this were done, on these grounds alone the kIBA Council shoula get 38 (not 41) seats on AKCUK and 12 (not9) councillors should be elected. It is possible that there may be another explanation for the discrepancy in the RIBA's membership and sub income described above. It could not, however, be fully accounted > for by short term (one year) arrears, since tre sub income from members in arrears one year would be largely compensated for by nenbers paying off their arrears of the previous year. There seems to us to be only two logical conclusions: (1) as described above, that there are tiany members in long-term arrears who never pay off their arrears, e.g., "terminal" arrears, or (2) the number of people in short-term arrears is already very large and is growing at an ever-increasing rate so that those paying off their arréars can never make up for the ever larger numbers just going into arrears. This seens inplausible. The — stehstical Up lication ot ola ee (Youments d-F+« Pecunent (So “How PRREUK. teprepeesy Comrie ”) A. “netached “architects |. Totat according PARCULK 31-10-74 = 4331 subsequerilly av trmad 0sshadud” byROK =45. ) 43264 1336 2, (Lb Assuming Actws %aneoteyeesPesociales EST. REAL yeTAL “ANATTACHED = F326 heeatihes=Lop.Ee butL164 “retired”tual ac ‘unattached” OF3!uUKassumeYeomRagu =565 | :(IZ)Adda ane (TH) Add because () Regs:Pop “SYS Deduct est.240 for -249 “entra “ as {OOo +3[0 +595 EEA elves A (2030 | Z44O THIS SUGGESTS “UNatAcHED " SHouLD BE ENTITLED To 15" CouNciLrees PRESENTLY AADC ATED, ) ELECT (NOT 4 AS ae seatsonCU. l,Toteswal abl AROUK 3(-10574= 22090 assumed Su cnuftrmad BRiBA b MCU tO ZO\e = a(2) ae prenous 3, (fe)? un e 545 -300 fee eo oe 870 Deduct est. [Fofe- ~Ito ‘werlap”ofTactIl Foo|-.Foo . (1) Subbeef oh tn GnneaxS ~/$500 | suetereyr 2765 2 16s, Esy, REAL yetac “Bie” = 17365 AUS CATED) B. RIGAMeunberthfotrs5 = THiS SUGGETS ARCKK SH8ULO APCPORTION 35 SEATS APPOINTMENT BY The RIGA Fee CounvcAL.. (NOT 4) AS PRESENTLY [Poe. 13] impartial body to administer the apportionment of seats PoARCUK,PARCUKjiselfrapes+itapdomay+hecontroddeaby why is AkCUK not properly constitutea? Four possible reasons. (1) There is no outside agency to insure that AkCUK really is the ARCUK aescribed in the First Schedule of the 1951 Act. No person or body is held responsiblfoer so ensuring. ARCUK, under Sec 15(1)(f) may make kegs. "generally for carrying out the purposes of this Act," but apparently is not obliged to. It should be noted in passing, however, that the ist Schedule did provide for such a responsible agency for the first constitution oi the Council (the Secretary of State and a committee appointed by him), and that kegs. made by ARCUK must be approved by the Privy Council and that "any person aggrieved by the kemoval of his name appeal to the High Court "order shall be final." (Sec 9). (2) The Regs. (43-45) prescribe the manner Ist Schedule Par l(vii) seats on AKCUK are apportioned AGt or may even tena fai In a nunber of ways, follow the Schedule definition of “unattached"TM (b) The use of one day determining the relevant provides a loophole properly implemented. preventing the ist Schedule (see IIT) fron being (c) The kegs do not proviae for an outside and from the ees acepslceke. or Court ot Session, may whose made by ARCUK under of the election of members are not adeguate to in accordance with the to prevent their being hegs 45-45 do not strictly (eg, compare Par 3(b) in Keg 45). and(c) to as a reference point members of various organisations the Act to under insure that so apportioned. for those with a vested interest in the outcome oi the apportioument--i.e., their control of sAhCUR. (d) In oraer to determine the numbers. of "unattached" archs. and elected councillors---and, in practice but not according to any keg., coincidentally the number of ee Councillors to be appointed by bodies in Par 1(i-vi)--- keg 45 allows for, but does not require, those bodies to supply the Clerk otf the Council with a list of their members. In the case of those lists not being supplied, the Clerk is to use the “last published list" of such body. Ata time when the relevant UK merberships of all these bodies are apparently declining, while the "unnattached" are increasing in nunber, this provision is Clearly insarlicient Co Carry out the Act. <i any case, there 1S no provision in the kets as to bow the Clerk is to use or interpret these lists in determining the nuiber of unattached archs. (e) No keg proviues explicitly tor determining the number of AKCUK members which each of the bouies cited in Par 1 (i-vi) tay nominate. (f) The kegs provide that the only iniormation to be used to determine the number of votintg archs. under Par 1 (vii) shall be provided by the bodies cited in (i-vi), rather than allowing for or providing that info be supplied by the individual architect regarding his or her nembership ot such bodies. And when ALCUK has asked individual erchs. for anfo (40m. keport 71/772,. par 27. attached, and attached Form A), it has only asked "unattached" architects whether they wight be attached, without asking attached archs. whether they might be unatt, a De.43] [poe. 22 ‘here is no mechanism for retuting a claim by one of these bogies that an arch is a member. The system is clearly one-sided and open to abuse. (g) There is no system for determining the validity of such membership claims by such bodies. ‘ (h) The lists of members called tor by the Kegs are not required to specify the class of membership, thus giving AhCUK insufiicient info, to apportion seats or aeterniine the number of "unattached" as per the Scheaule. (i) There is no explanation oi who (AKCUK or the body concerned) is to agetermine what ior the purposes oi the Act constitutes being a member ot such an organi- Sation and on what grounds that determination shall take place. For example, the ketention Fre which each arch. must pay ARCUK under Sec. 13 (1)(a) is due Jan. 1 of each year in advance and AkCUK normally sirikes off the kegister the following VLecenber 31 all those who owe any ae _tee. The various bodies cited in Par 1 (i-vi) may keep members in arrears om their rolls ior varying amounts of time. axCUK aoes not appear to question any claim by a body that an arch. is a member oi that body for any reason. Like AKCUK, KIBA memb. subs. are due Jan 1 annually in advance and the kista's Charter allows it to expell wenbers after only 7 nionths in arrears. that the kIBA claims for AkCUK in long-term, terninal arrears and or were never members at all claims. (It may be noted that the & Surveyors, seePar. 1l(iii), currently claims as menbers for AhCUK purposes only"those whose subs. were fully paid 2 It appears to us (see IV) purposes many architects others who have resigned and that AlCUK accepts theese Faculty of Architects and with whon we were in contact." See attached document.) It is also open to question whether the purpose of the Act can be servea when seats are apportioned to appointing bodies based on memberships totals which those bodies can inflate (gaining extra seats on AkCUK) with architeets who are members under duress. Employee architects probably comprise at least 75% of those on the kegister resiaent in the UK. Although the RIBA publicly claims to be a voluntary body (see attached), many employee architects are members of the KIBA -only because their employer requires them to be So, in violation of the Employ. Protect. Act and TULRA, as the KkIBA is not an independent trade union (being enployer-aominatea) and because kIbA menbership is in no way a higher gualitication than kegistration with A}:CUK. te estimate that 4000 oi the #Kis kIBA's UK arch. members are required by their employers to be hiba wembers, ana it is probably sate to say that at least ZOUU are probably KIBA members for that reason only. 1t should be notea that many other arch. members of the kKIbA who are employees are "encouraged" to join the kIBA by their employer, usually an hIBA member, paying their KIBA sub. This is probably as wicespread as invol- untary membership. It should also be noted that inland }evenue permits xke kIBA subs to be an aljowance against income (eg, public subsiay of kiba) but woes not co this in respect of all the bogies in lst Schedule Par l(i-vi) who are entitled to appoint nembers of AKCUK on the 1:500 basis. Act, apparently used. (3) frouen AhCUK'S kegs are clearly totally inadequate to ensure that the Council is properly constituted in accordance with the Act, it appears also that they are not being properly implemented. Thé lists provided for in keg 45(1)(b) are not being supplied to the Clerk. Nor are the "last published lists", as required by the (4) we believe that human error and fraudulent intent have been given free rein because of (i)(2) ana (3) above. Given the political complexion of ARCUK as it is presently, ana apparently wrongly, COnSstituted, it is very unlikely that this AKCUK will make ana inplemant any kegs which coulu ensure that the Council is properly constituted. For the sane reason, it is also very unlikly that theklbA & ARCUK will proauce and make public the info which would indicate exactly to what extent the Council is wrongtully constituted. - Proposed system to ensure properly constituted ARCUK ARCUK for what at present pretends to be ARCUK) needs to be obliged by some outside aeeney to amend its kegulations under Sec.13 of the 1931 Act, as well -as taking equivalent short-term measures despite its present kegs., to, (1) require apportionment of seats on ARCUK in accordance with the First Schedule of the 1931 Act to be the responsibility of an external, impartial, lay (non- (2) -architect) agency which would each year tell ARCUK what its constitution would be for the following year. define membership of the bodies cited in Par 1 (i-vi) of the lst Schedule to discount menbers in arrears (5) longer than ARCUK itself permits and to discount members who affirm that they are members only because they are obliged to be as a condition oi employment. plug up the "one day of the year" loop-hole so that membership tor AkCUK purposes is a realistic repre- sentation of the organisation's membership. consider an architect not to be a relevant member of one of the bodies cited in Par 1 (i-vi) unless confirmed annually by the architect (not the body) that he or she is a member of such a body in accordance with the definition of membership in (2) above and in full accordance oth the provisions of the Ist Schedule. (4) and (5) (ARCUK already writes to every architect twice a year.) if (4) is not acceptable for any reason, require bouies cited in Par 1 (i-vi) to furnish ARCUK such information at it requires in order to ensure that the Council is constituted in accordance with the First Scheaule, in absence oi which alleged mewbers for whose *oaee! the ILO. 168 CenuiIred Would De Cons Tier ed "unattached" ana voting. Furthermore, in the tirst instance, we propose that it be required 68) that persons improperly appointed to the Council by the RIBA Council be immediately removed from the Council, (7) that any election by the Council of persons to serve on the Board of Arch. Education, Admissions Cttee, Discipline Cttee, F&GP, PPC, other Council boards, panels, delegations etc. as well as the Council's and their chairpersons, and Councii appointments, be considerea void ii held while the Council is improperly cousituted ana provision be mage tor new elections ang appointnents by the properly constituted Council. , (8) that as soon as practicable a special election be held to elect additional councillors so that there is the proper nunber of ekected councillors (9) that those bodies, incl. AkCUK and RIBA, which have information which could clarify the extent of mal- apportionemént of seats on AKCUK should make freely available that info. , Go) that the legality of acts of the Council carried out while it was improperly constituted be clarified. LOSS AND DETRIMENT SUFFERED BY ‘UNATTACHED' ARCHITECTS AS A RESULT OF THE IMPROPER CONSTITUTION OF A.R.C.U.K. 1.01 It was clearly the intention of The Architects Registration Act 1931 to provide equal rights ofrepresentatiom to all those persons who, though registered, choose not to become members ofthose bodies referred to in Schedule I, 1. (i) - (vi), and that such persons should enjoy equal benefits and likewise be equally subject to the Council's disciplinary powers as provided im respect of all registered persons. 1.02 To the extent that correct representatioomf registered persons under Schedule I, 1 (vii) is currently not acheived, both the spirit and the letter of the Act are being thwarted. To be denied their due representatioinn the Council's affairs in itself constitutes a fundamental grievance of this category of registered persons. = 270i The primary functions of A.R.C.U.K. as enshrined in the Architects Registration Act 1931 are the establishment ofa Register of Architects (1,(3)), the admissioomf names thereto (1,(3)), and the removal of names therefrom (1,(3a & b),% &11). The recognition and holding of examinations suitablteo qualify successful candidates for admission to the Register is made the explicit duty of The Board of Architectural Education to. recommend to the Council, (5, (2a & b)). Inthisway,throughtheirrepresentonaCtoiunocimlytunattached' architects were intended to participate in the determinationo.f entrance qualifications. as "a wide ranging assemblage of educationalists ... called together / 2.02 However, by its undue dominance of the Council, the R.I.B.A. has removed the exercise of this duty out of A.R.C.U.K. into its own system of Visiting Boards, imwhich BsA.E. representation (invariably by: R.I.BeAe members) is merely a token gesture. (See A.R.C.U.K. Annual Reports 1974/5 (1021/2), 1975/6 (49), 1976/7 (71), 1977/8 (62), 1978/9 (60/ 61). NB. the latter Report in which the B.A.E. is actually referred to LOSS AND DETRIMENT /2 at considerable public expense for a mere formality.") The ‘unattached! architects have thus been denied their due part im establishitnhge quality of those eligible to enter the Register. 3.01 In the matter of removals from the Register, the Discipline Committee is appointed (1931 Act, 7(2)) to examine cases where a registered person may have been guilty of conduct disgraceful to him in his capacity as an architect. The criteria employed in considering such cases are as embodied in the A.R.C.U.K. Code of Professional Conduct. 3.02 However, the disproportionate representatioomf the R.I.B.A. on Council has enabled the Institute to extend the applicatioomf its own association rules beyond its own membership to all registered persons. This illegitimate extension of R.I.B.A. control is clearly evident in the content of the A.R.C.U.K. Code, which is substantially identical to that of the R.I.B.A., and indeed is published with the R.I.B.A. Notes appended. 3-03 In this way '‘unattached' architects may be disciplined to the detriment of their livelyhood for breaches of a code not freely determined in their own Council, but emanating from a private associatiotmo which they do not belong. 4.01 Equally, this illegitimate protection of the R.I.B.A. Code by the identical A.R.C.U.K. Code curtails the freedom of non+R.1I.B.A. architects to practice in ways which the Registration Acts do not prohibit. 4.02 Thus ‘unattached' architects are, for example, obliged by Rules 1.1 and 3.2 of the 'A.R.C.U.K. Code’ to apply the ‘recognised' Conditions of Engagement of bodies listed in Schedule 1, 1 (i) — (vi). (A.R.C.U.K. Code of Professional Conduct. p.5, footnote.) 4.03 These Conditions of Engagement (in fact those promulgated by the R.I.B.A.) require that am architect's fees are charged in accordance with a fixed Scale of Charges, thereby denying ‘unattached' architects their proper freedom under the Acts to enhance their livelyhood by quoting fees in competition with other architects. The degree to which A.R.C.U.K. is thus improperly controlled by the R.I.B.A. is evident in the Council's continued defence of the Conditions of Engagement in defiance of the <2 LOSS AND DETRIMENT /3 Monopolies & Mergers Commission's conclusions and recommendations (accepted by the present and previous Governments) that such fixed Scales of Charges be abandoned in the public interest, (See "Architects" Services — A Report on the Supply of Architects! Services with Reference to Scale Fees", The Monopolies & Mergers Commission, H.M.S.0., 8th Nov. 1977, paras. 285 & 286.) advantageous forms of practice. 5.01 Likewise an ‘unattached! architects freedom to carry on. his practice in the form of a limited liability company which is not proscribed by the Registration Acts is nevertheless denied by Rule 2.4 of the (R.1.B. As surrogate) A.R.C.U.K. Code of Professional Conduct. In this way the R.I.B.A. has improperly used the 'A.R.C.U.K.* Code to protect its own members from what ‘unattached' architects may consider to be more 6.01 Another constraint in the manner of practice that the R.I.B.A. is at liberty to impose on its own members, but which is extended to all registered persons by means of its improper inclusioimn the "ARC. +Ke! Code, is the prosription ofadvertising. (Rule 3.6) In this case, moreover, while through A.R.C.U.K. the R.I.B.A. prohibits ‘soliciting by registered persons, it simultaneously engages in vigorous advertising on behalf of its own members. Here again the improper constitution of A.K.C UK. has prevented 'unattached' architects in their enjoyment of equal rights in pursuing their means of livelyhood. 701 Lastly, and again by virtue of illegitimate R.I.B.A. representation: and dominance in Council, the equal opportunities in obtaining employment that are envisaged in the Act's Single level of registered persons — (i.e. equal qualification conferred by entry to the Register) - are prejudiced by the the Widespread imposition of R.I.B.A. membership as a pre-requisite for job applications, Although A.R.C.U.K. has frequently been advised of this practice it remains negligent in informing employers of its injustice. (R.I.B.A. membership entails no higher qualification.) 8.01 In sum, through the improper constitution of A.R.C.U.K., ‘unattached! architects are seen to suffer loss and detriment in the equal treatment and right to livelyhood to which under The Architects Registration Acts they are entitled. Docs. W-31 Docs, 1-3! with one or two exceptions. / Document (12) Some notes on the politics of AkCUK as it is now constituted (b) 6 persons appointed by the Councils of certain other bodies because they have architect members (1) 6 non-architects appointed by certain other boacies involved in the construction Those under a, b, d and e need not be architects but invariably are and are with at most one or two exceptions per year, members of the KkIBA as well. Since 1977, nearly all of the elected councillors have been employee-architect wembers of the New Architecture Movement, a group aiming to make the piorocsion more accountable to the public ana more aenocratically con- trolled at ali levels. These NA. members elected as councillors are all members oi the relevant trade union, TASS or NALGO as the Although probably 75% of its own (non-retired) UK member- ship are employee architects, the h1BA Council regularly appoints 90% management architects to AlhCUK. The KIBA Council and its committees are similarly dominated by employers, whose interests the kIBA is widely seen as pursuing. xcept for the elected members, other AkCUK councillors generally rally behind the kIKA appointees' position, case may be. industry ARCUK at present (1979-8U) consists of 66 members, (a) 40 persons appointed by the RIBA Council (c) 9 architects electea by architects (d) one person appointed by the Council of the hoyal Society of Ulster Architects (part of RIBA) (e) 5 persons appointed by gov't entities Cl ° ~! 6. Previous to the passage of the architects hegistration Act 1931, the KIBA had sought trom on the use of the title "architect" Parliament a monopoly for its own members. When Parliament refused this Register instead, the RIBA Council to control AKCUK (see Loc. 46) as an RIBA puppet in its own interes and to prevent its independent, public interest body. The present situation can be compared to a classic "banana republic" (ARCUK), with the United Fruit Co. (iIBA) with little attempt to apply all the usual procedures of a tin-horn dictatorship or one-party state. (see voc. 14). ; The administration of AkCUK and his staitf. The present Sees best interests of the profession. jae and set up ARCUK and the apparently resolved proper functioning as an manipulating the puppet a veneer of derocracy over is carried out by a hegistrar kegistrar was selected in secret by a committee oi RKIBA members, sone of whom were no lounger members of AKCUK, and presented to the Council for reatitication only, two years ago. The RIBA's UK membership, after increasing for many years, has been in decline since 1975, both in absolute terms and as a proportion of UK architects. The nurber of UK architects in other bodies entitled to appoint persons to AKCUK on that basis is also ceclining. A recent survey published in the Architects Journal (see boc. 37) indicated that 7U% of 294 k1BA members responding (ana 99% of 153 "unattached" architects) thought that RIBA control of AKCUK was hot in the best interests of the public. 66% of the KIBA members (and 95% of the “unattached") also thought it was not in the 257, et +H NZ ito res ARCUK Council elections 1980/81 ‘Evidence of disenfranchisement of "unattached" architects. In response to a questionnaire to the profession published in the ARCHITECTS JOURNAL of 30 January 1980, 21% of a sample Of 150° “Iinattached’” architects claimed not to have received nomination papers for the 1980/81 Council elections. If representative this indicates a massive disenfranchisement of ARCUK -11St, of "unattached". The loss to the "unattached" would be made worse if these 21% were attributed az 2 Ib Of the 7 @& respondents(14%) gave their name and address so that the elected councillors were able to check their statements against ARCUK records. The results of this check are as follows:— A. JS. Dodd 37 Braemar Road Worcester Park Surrey - AG Drysdale Zoe ts 37555 42688 AA RIBA RIBA RIBA . David Heath Levitt Berstein Assoc. 30 Oval Road London NW1 Ian Redford Lowden 101 Turnbert Avenue Ardler Dundee iS — she Named (ndindvar Cates of +o The. "unattached" architects and a loss of at least 2 qves turn seats on council if these 21% are excluded from the iserntranchsenenrt of “nattachoA ’Acchtcels by ARCUK to one of the 6 nominating bodies thereby increasing their representation on Council at the expense of the "unattached". ‘Registered architects considering themselves "unattached" but listed as a member of one or more of the 6 nominating bodies. Name & address Registration No. Body Dept. of Architecture & Civic Design Guildhall Portsmouth Hants (De 4) sent nomination papers. P.Lowendon 31348 Dept. of Architecture and Civic Design Civic Offices Guildhall Portsmouth PO1 2AT Bl. Patet Dept. of Architecture and Civic Design Civic Offices Giuldhall Portsmouth PO1 2AT M.G.Watts Directorate of Architecture Telford Development Corporation Priorslee Hall Telford Martin Goodwin 38515 RIBA Dept. of Architecture London Borough of Southwark L.Tek Ong 41849 RIBA Architects Dept. London Borough of Hammersmith Roger Thompson White Cot Bayleys Hill Sevenoaks Kent W.J.Wintle Dawn Dartington Totnes Devon TQ9 6HE 30144 AA RIBA “never has been, amember of the RIBA. L.Tek Ong, Sp1op 182 ONT 38665 RIBA The RIBA has informed ARCUK that these architects are their members. ARCUK accept this despite at least one written request to ARCUK (from David Heath) to be listed as unattached. David Heath is not and Roger Thompson and Martin Goodwin resigned from the RIBA in 1978. Sworn statements to this effect can be obtained. Registered architects not attributed to any of the nominating bodies and yet not included on the list of "unattached", and therefore not C. Registered architect listed as "unattached" but not included in mailing of nomination papers. 1. D.W.Olden 35906 28 Bell Place Edinburgh EH3 5HT The One is on he Eon itect to inform the Registrar of any change of address and failure to do this may account for those sent to old addresses. No explanation was given by the Registrar for groups A,B,&C above. This short investigation was only possible because a sample of names waS available and the elected councillors were prepared to devote their time to checking them. It is alarming that this should reveal 12 architects wrongly disenfranched and the fear is that there are many more as yet undisclosed. There is at present no-intention within ARCUK to carry out a thorough scrutiny , nor to allow an independent scrutiny ofmembership status. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource JA/DR Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Mar-80 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/51a6a6bfef61c7e6c12fab2b17c84b65.pdf 8e3764da03130a9a4c3befd4ff10576f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brian Anson/ARC pre and post Harrogate Subject The topic of the resource Various documents describing ARC ideas and activities See below Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ARC Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-1976 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colne Valley Future Subject The topic of the resource Report on situation in Colne Valley Yorkshire and how to stabilise employment Description An account of the resource COLNE WALLEY FUTURE. Society will accept the consequences ot such phenomena for the sake of ‘economic growth’, but to recognize the social irresponsibility in doing so. ‘The Welfare State has developed as a buffer to administer social aneasthetic in the wake of such is in this humanely undignified state its part in the‘national interest* and reacned a stage where both publie and private enterprise Scale, supnort the ‘spent’ lifestyle or its indigenous lation. Concurrent with this there is the populations indecisiveness, fostered by two centuries of paternalistic and benevolent employers. The few the valley are predominantly using rial accommodation as a sprinboard my. this practice 1s socially negative ions to such areas problems; 1t 1s not the evolvmng saviour ot tne community it is perported to be in most quarters. cont/ it is blatantly unwilling disruntion. the Volne Valley at present, it has played will not actively, on any popu- small industries going into the areas now cheap indust— into the capitalist econo- in finding real solut-— 1ARCHITECTS 16th MSee : “{REVOLUTIONARY COUNCIL ay nyi. The Colne Valley which runs west from Huddersfield to the foot of the Pennines, was at the very heart of the industrial revolution; the veritable womb of the economic expansion of Britain. For over two hundred years it has been sending fabrics to every corner of the globe. Lt grew from a primarily domestic weaving area, into a factory based, multi- disciplinary textile industry, that encompassed every fascet of woolen and worsted fabric production. It has predominantly flourished on the high quality of these products. Because of the Tapid growth and high concentration of fabric production in the Colne Valley, older,established fabric producing areas, Oxford, Norfolk and Devon in particular, © were sent into a rapid decline, socially and economically, towards the end of the 18th Century. The complaint today is that Korea, Taiwan, Isreal and the Eactern European States are, through their more modern and economic production methods, putting the Colne Valley industry, into the same kind of decline. une could be capitalistically negative and accept this kind of situation to be all part of a spectrum of continued world growth and market expansion and accept the social consequences as inevitable. The vain attempts to impose import limits and hign taritfs on foriegn fabrics are no solution to the stable industry of the Colne Valley, the odds against any stringent limitation being imposed, are nign. Such areas are expected to flounder within a capitalist economy, sooner or later in the market cycle, society being conceited enough to believe itself eo diverse and highly developed that things Will readjust without any adverse effects. The fact that the indigenous population, young, old, industrially active or socially sedated, all suffer in some way,seems irrelevant. The fact tnat social reLationships, networks and activities © are all diversidy affected by such economic decline appears unimportant. Forced migration and fremily rupture in the ensuing depopulation, is readily accepted and budgetted for. C Il PERCY STREET LONDON WI. Ol. 636-0974 -EXT 27 At a time when everyone is beginning to realize the pitraiis of mass urbanization, such delicately balanced semi-rural settiements as exist in the destroyed. the piignt of such areas is only too well known , yet society seems content degenerate and become satellites devoid of the randamental affinitys for any human settlement. valley must not have their cultures to encourage them to socially for our large urpan centres, that are the primary vase Because of their location, Ee CereD ey and climate the small towns and villages of the Colne Valley are ideaity situated, with some assistance, to firmly dictate their own aestiny. The answer does not lie with the Tourist Board, the CBi, the Champers of Commerce or the Trade Unions. It lies witn the indigenous popuiation. It is not anticipated that this pop- ulation, to gain social justice, will need to barricade the A62 Trunk Road, or aynamite the Huddersfield=— Manchester Railway. but an awareness of their own potential and precarious future couid prove powerful enough for such measures to be contempbted ana inaeea seriously worked out, should the need arise. ‘thougn nara neaaed and basically conservative in nature tne Colne Valiey peuple know the meaning of the word justice. In the few attempts to identify or stud the are the usual solutions such as ‘stimlate Lnventnanerinn cee machinery,(politicians/financiers) or ‘attract new light industries, (anti pollution brigade) or develop it as a tourist area (conservationists) have all been quoated from varying sources. These are not solutions, they are stop gaps/ e€go—boosters/ and self interested activists token gestures, steeped in patronizing and charitable cliches about tne ‘character and social history" of the area. The plain facts are that the Colne Valley, its resources and its people, have been exploited, and that unless a humane interest is shown in the lives and lifestyles of its people, further exploitation will take place. The outward signs of a more subtle exploitation are now manifesting themselves in the area, Many of the houses in the older attractive areas or valley, such as Golcar, are becoming cheap commuter havens. People who have no respect tor the'peoples history’ are busily conserving everything with a smattering ot sentiment or quaintness. A gradual beautufication of the area is seen by the middle class activista as being of ‘real benefit to the villagers’. E Capitalism, entreprenaur speculation and mass industrializa- tion, have bred a imowlng tenacity amongst the population, wno are not unaware of the negative social changes at present occurring. The primary satisfaction most people found an aff- inity in throughout the area, was the pride of imowing that the fabrics the area produced were of the highest quality. The acute division of labour in tne textile industry is at last begining to erode this singular motivation, 1t 1S mostly manifest in the attitude of the young toward the textile mils. No public or private agency able to regenerate employment for the valley snows any concern for the migration of the Natives, the ensuing industrial and domestic blight or the Spirit of the people. The primary course of action is the creation of a diverse and rich workbase to stabilize the population in the five main viilages in the valley. cont/ In planning, the kind of approach which gives primary credance to existing social orders, has been totally mutilated by the conservationists and ‘rehabilitate everything brigade’. The protection of the physical environment in the name of character, history or national heritage has been universally adopted by the liberal minded, directionless band of builders, financiers and designers, who,having reaped a thirty year harvest from the modern movemant phase, are now seeking fortunes from nostalgia design. The protection of the physical environ- ment pure and simple, is socially meaningless, the networks and habits that exist within these environments are the life blood, the buildings mere skeletons. The consequence of overt conserv-— ation is social disruption, building values become highly inflated and social values are increasingly ignored. In the villages of the Colne Valley that means an absolute dissemin- ation of the indigenous populations life style. So the Colne Valley lifestyle is under threat from two fronts, one from the exponents of extreme nostalgia, the other from the people who control private and state coffers. if the villages become mothballed commuter havens for the urban refugees, the human coexistance that is predominant in the existing population will fracture and the word ‘commmity' will no longer be applicable to Slaithwaite, Golcar or Marsden, So the living/working/learning networks that now form the social matrix must form the basis for any future planning, unadulterated by economic zoning or conservation area sterilization. many new and varied socially(as opposed to economical baseaindustries,andoccupationscouldevolveifSete as posed to enterprises, were entrusted with a regeneration ob tgea8s a stimulation of society, directed and controlled ocally. Although many people see the changes affecting the Colne Valley as inevitable, and in most cases acceptable, these changes are totally uncoordinated and devoid of any referance point within the valley. That is not to say that the Colne Valley needs a Total Solution working out for it, but instaed of crying every time a mill closes or waving a flag when a small firm passes through tne valley, a humane direction firmly associated Wwitn the aspirations and desires of the natives could be sought. Instead of allowing the highly substantial mill buildings to remain empty or be demolished, could they form the physical basis for a new industrial direction within the valley? In stead of miniscule parts of these buildings being used by small enterprises attracted by cheap leases and rents, could they all be analysed individually, or in groups where they occur, with a view to being the embrios of an alternative answer to the valleys future industrial and social progress? The variety of physical location of these buildings is unending. They would lend themselves intact, or ina reorganized form, to many domestic, educatinnal and recreational as well as industrial uses, in ways that would integrate easily and harmoniisly into the existing social orders, enhancing, not destroying them. cont/ As designers contemplating such social planning, we must beware of being toutopian. We obviously have ideals, utopian or otherwise, but we must beware of simplistic solutions, which will only afford us and emotional or intellectual cop-out. The idea that designers can ignore the realities of cultural and economic relationships and change society through the nature of the environments they design (one of the fundamental motivations of the modern movement) is obviously wishing away the majority of social realities. For once the planner sees himself working towards his own solution for the environment as an independant body, then people and relationships, the ultimate criteria, are open to manipulation to suit the designers ideals. So taking the solid reality of the old mill buildings as a physical anchor, we should succeed in staying within the tenets of Saul Alinsky's rule of ‘working within the experience of your people’. Though there exists a great affinity with the mills, there is also a mild hostility amongst Colne Valley peuple to the théngs that the mills historieally represent. The reluctance of the young people to enter the mills as textile workers, is a fairly recent occurance in the valley, which will not be - counteracted until a more human way of producing fabrics is evolved. The factory system employed by most fabric producers has reduced the human being to a very inadeaate portion of the production process. So much so that the pride in work mentioned previously is being eroded also by the incres#ingly more complex production methods, most of them too efficient to warrant the existance of a human operative. Yet the dormant buildings which housed the once rapidly growing textile industry, themselves could hold a key to the regeneration of the area. Taking as our premise, that employment within the valley for most of the indigapus population, will stabilize the existing social structures, we can begin to look at the location and uses to be matte of redundant structures. There are seven areas which immediately offer themselves as places where a new industrial and domestic base could generate from. They are all in fairly specific locations and have special qualities of their own. 1) Milnsbridge- 5 or 6 Mills (all empty) off Brittania Road straddling the RIver Colne and bordered by the Narrows Canal. A very dense built up area along the valley bottom 2) Copley Bank/ Four buildings in a steeply sloping valley in Gcican a roughly linear pattern, starting at the head of the small valley off the Colne, with Heath House Mill, down through Victoria Mill and Contrary to some popular activists theories some planning must take plave. As long as that planning is locally controlled and not inflicted by external agencies it can be good planning. Locally controlled, small scale planning using the valleys Many resources, natural, human and man made as the basis could give the villages an effervesence undeniably founded in the predominant culture, not in some modified idea of how things have been plamned elsewhere. The funding for such planning could initially be found through many of the existing cooperative setups functioning in the valley, Albion Mill onto the Golcar Baptist Church. A very rural and undulating landscape with many resources. 3) Titanic Mill A vast structure in 18 acres of arable lana Linthwaite close to the A62 and bordered by the River Colne 4) Crimble Bank Two Mills north of Slaithwaite, Crimble and Slaithwaite. Brook, in the heart of the village, a very tight 5) Slaithwaite The area in and around and including Bank Mill a collection of small buildings arounf the built up loaction adjoining the Slaithwaite Golear Road. ; main Mill. In the valley bottom sandwiched bet— ween the Colne and the Canal. 6) Clough House Mill A small, partially demolished mill in an isolated rural setting, 1 mile west of Slaithwaite. 7) Holme Mill/Ce llars clough- Lingards Two substantial Mills % mile east of Marsden, vast areas of water and considerable land between the two. These seven areas are by no means the only ones where it is possible to begin some positive t by Richard Wa inwright, could begin through these or many other small areas up and down the valley. Copley Bank/Golcar with four virtually empty major structures within imile of each other provides a good area to study, as it four very differnt buildings with infinite possibilities.It lends itself perfectly to the sound social concept of the industrial village which historically dominated the physical form of all the oledr settlements in the valley. In the begiming the ARC group are working on a very tentative economic Sootines once the footing is securer and the small office in Slaithwaite id set up, the long term strategy work will continue alongside bread and butter alteration and extens— ion work. No work outside the valley will be accepted, no speculative work will be undertaken. There are enough architects reaping a rich harvest from those spheres and performing social | homicide in the process. George Mills Huddersfield. ARC West Yorkshire Group. | work. The tonic effect referred Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George Mills ARC Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived John Murray Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 16-May-76 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/d71c513167e0526d581aa25166d60e94.pdf 43d832d7b171549938f0f6746dda75ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Brian Anson/ARC pre and post Harrogate Subject The topic of the resource Various documents describing ARC ideas and activities See below Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ARC Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-1976 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Colne Valley News Subject The topic of the resource ARC promoted the conversion of redundant mills into small work units or flats (8pp) Description An account of the resource October 1976 "SINCE THE DEMISE OF THE COLNE VALLEY GUARDIAN EARLIER THIS YEAR, THE VALLEY AREA HAS NOT HAD ANYTHING LIKE THE PUBLIS- ~HED REPRESENTATION IT’S PROBLEMS WARRANT. THIS FIRST ISSUE IS_INTENDED TO EXPRESS ONE PARTICULAR VIEW, IDEALLY THE NEXT ISSUE WILL CARRY A WIDE VARIETY OF LOCAL OPINION. WE ONLY HOPE THAT THE PAPER WILL ALWAYS SPEAK OUT STRONGLY ABOUT IMPORTANT LOCAL ISSUES. THE MAJOR THEME OF THIS ISSUE IS POTENTIAL, NOT GRUMBLES ABOUT THE PRESENT OR NOSTALGIA FOR THE PAST, BUT IDEAS & POSSIBILITIES IN THE FUTURE. . Dy COLNE VALLEY NEWS. OCTOBER 1976 WHO AND WHY An introduction to the Colne Valley News and the Community Architecture Team BY GEORGE MILLS This newsheet is hopefully the first of many. Through it we hope thatalively, locally initiat- ed debate will begin, which may inspire people to act regarding their own futures in the Colne Valley. This first issue has been put to- gether by a group of planners and architects from the Comm- unity Architecture Team, who have worked as designers for local tenant and resident groups up and down the country. On the strength of our work we were given a grant to work in the Colne Valley. From past exper- ience we realize the value of hav- ing a good pamphlet or newsheet circulating in the areas we work in. Hopefully the subsequent issues of this newsheet will be written, produced and distribut- ed by local people from up and down the valley. We have in our grant a small sum of money allocated for that purpose. EXPERIENCE The communities we have worked with have mainly been in areas threat- ened by demolition, redevelopment or extinction by cumbersome and insen- sitive planning. We basically believe that the people who live and work in a particular area should have the major say when it comes to debating that areas future, not faceless local govern- ment departments or profit minded developers. Our work has been al over the country, in Liverpool, South Wales, Covent Garden and most rec- ently in the London Borough of Eal- Ing, working with the residents of these areas trying to prevent the destruction of their homes and work places. We realize that the situation in the Colne Valley is a little different, but no planning can be just as dest- ructive as too much planning, part- icularly when an area is subject to the kind of problems that seem to be affl- icting the Colne Valley. A very familiar sight. LOCAL GOVERNMENT The recently published information about West Yorkshires forthcoming publicity exercise to find out what people in the area want in the future is a typical example of so called ‘Public Participation in Planning’. This part- icipation usually consists of specific- ally prepared questions which some how manage to avoid the contentious issues in an area. The Colne Valley does not just need more industry, ora better bus service, or a cleaned up environment. The proposed public mectings being held up and down the county will tell the planners nothing - the questions they will ask will not get right to the root of the areas problems. They will not be considering the dignity, self respect or aspirations of the people of the areas, because most planners and bureaucrats are incapable of working at that level. Until they come down from their ivory towers to the street level and see reality, they have no right to plan for any area It is the people in the villages of the Colne Valley that should deter- mine its future directly, not local governments who are notorious for misrepresenting the aspirations and desires of people in their areas. HOPES We hope we can work with the res- idents of Marsden, Linthwaite Slaith- waite, Milnsbridge and Golcar to try and revitalize some local industry and activity which will prevent the depop- ulation of the area and hopefully give the Colne Valley some of the vigour the declining textile industry seems to be sapping from it. We sense that the valley has many qualities and resources as yet untapped, which though not at first obvious,still exist. These can only be found in areas that have not been swallowed up by urban sprawl from nearby towns and cities. Unlike most planners and architects we are very aware of the real qualities of such places as exist in the Colne Valley. Through our work in other parts of the country we have learned that these qualities are never catered for in the grand master plans, local and central governments usually produce. Over the page are just a few initial ideas which might start the ball rolling, they are not proposals, just sketches which can be used to talk about the possibilities. CONTENTS FREE FIRST ISSUES There are five hundred copies of this first issue. With a subsid rom our grant, subsequent issues should work Out around four or five pence each. WHO AND WHY PEOPLE OR PAWNS PAGE 2 PAGE 3 WHO HOLDS THEY KEY? THE CARDS STACKED AGAINST THE VALLEY PAGE & INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS WITH A HUMANE CAUSE PAGE 5 TAKE ONE EMPTY MILL PAGE 6 A DISMANTLED MILL BUILDING VILLAGES ARE NOT PURPOSE-MADE SUBURBS PAGE 8 PAWNS: An Editorial appraisal of the Colne Valley and its future Crimble Mil, Slaithwaite,-any takers ? In appearance the Colne Valley has not altered drastically for nearly a hundred years. Its main villages have had a few bits tack- ed on to them, a few more roads, a few more houses and the odd new factory. The main commun- ication routes are still the same, road, canal and railway, though through dereliction or transport policy these are nowhere near as busy as they were in the past. The stable industry in the valley is still what it has been for nearly two centuries, basically woollen and worsted fabric production, though no one in the area needs reminding what is happening to that basic industry. ADVERSE CHANGES Whenavast jndustry isrunning down at the rate that textiles are in the Colne Valley, or at the rate that the coal mining industry ran down in the South Wales valleys, it has a great effect on the people indigenous to those areas. It is always the older established communities that feel the harsher effects of industrial and economic change. This is the only certain thing that can be said about the valley, it is in the process of change. We are starting our work in the valley with the assumption that with the right conditions prevailing, most of the indigenous population, the people who live and work in the area now, would like to stay here. be capable.of sustaining the popul- ation, and which will provide a future firmly established in the roots and origins, the character and nature of the people from the Colne Valley area. Successive governments have seen no social detriment tn unemployed men and women with their families having to move sometimes hundreds of miles to get employment. Only the people directly affected by these wrenches Know the adverse change and disrup- tion involved in such a move. People who are caught in this tight economic trap have only two choices open to them, move, leaving friends, relatives and familiar things, or stay and remain unemployed or underemployed. In the Colne Valley many people over the past few years must have been con- fronted with this choice, or those that haven't, must be aware that they are likely to be within the next few years. Family and community break up from choice is part of accepted human nature, the young and restless have always fled the nest, but when people are forced by circumstances beyond thetr control into leaving their homes Britannia Mils Milnsbridge, rotting for and familiar areas, it is a social in- the last fow years. GOOD RIDDANCE ? Some people will be glad to be rid of the textile industry for once and for all, others will mourn its continuing decline. Those with first hand exper ience of mill working and its related social and domestic lifestyle, know that there were good times and bad times, good decades and bad ones. Their instincts may tell them that the present decline is for good, and that the industry has to decline even further, before it reaches a size where itcan stabilize itself. At the moment there seems to be a great many people with unwanted skills and a kind of pride that doesn’t seem relevant or valuable to new ways and methods of present day indust- rialization. Many factors affect people who find themselves unemployed or employed in a job that they are not really suited to, which may also entail commuting out of the area where al there roots and ties are. justice. If industry in the area con- tinues to be slow in evolving to a sub- stantial level, not only will the young be unemployed, they will be left with little or no choice regarding their own futures. If no industry takes the place of the very large gaps left by the mills, then sadly, it will not only be the young who will be forced to leave. INFORMATION NEEDED Wehavesomeplansofmilsand other derelict land and buildin- gs, but any kind ofdocuments, plans, gossip etc., that people think could be useful in the work,wouldbegreatlyappre- ciated. GEORGE MILLS. COLNE VALLEY NEWS. OCTOBER 1976 3 One of these prevailing conditions, in fact THE prevailing condition must be that they can AFFORD to stay here, which means there must be work in the area for both the old and young, men and women. There must be a type of industrial development which must 4 COLNE VALLEY NEWS. OCTOBER 1976 WHO HOLDS THE KEY TO THE FUTURE OF THE VALLEY? BY PETE MOLONEY When an area has a good deal of redun- dant buildings and plots, the easy way out for the people who own the land and buildings is try and get them designated for housing use. When a spate of il thought out estates start to spring up al over the place, the local authority can then start collect- ing rates again. This haphazard, juggl- ing of land and buildings has never bettered the lives of people living in an area. The people who work in the sphere of ‘community architecture’ have totally the opposite view to this, belicving that the people who live and work in an area should be the major concern when planning, and they should not Marsden Mills have inflicted upon them the second rate solutions designed with only profit or prestige motives in mind. THE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE COLNE VALLEY IF ITS COMMUNITIES ARE NOT SEEN AS ITS PRIMARY VALUE, COULD BE SOCIALLY DISASTER- OUS! COMMUNITY | ARCHITECTS OFFICE ; 1,NED LANE SLAITHWAITE So, how do such communities dictate their own futures? The solutions to many of the problems can start from the people up and down the valley, we believe it is they who hold the key to their own future. Small things which do not require a great deal of finance could be started fairly quickly, more ambitious schemes could follow, but we believe that without that initial spirit from the communities being the prime motivator, none of them would be worthwhile. There are ways and means by which owners of some of the derelict prop- erties and land could be approached, and through the formation of assoc- lations, societies, cooperatives or com- panies, groups of people in one form or another may be able to acquire the use of land and buildings in the area. The initial small scale ideas could indicate the potential of the area and inspire other people to get inyolv- ed. Some ideas will flounder for various reasons, others could be very successful, they could begin to decis- ively affect the development of the valley’s future in a way that brings out its dormant qualities. access to the motorways present a much more viable proposition to investors. Local and regional reports on the area refer to the Colne Valley’s potential as a dormitory area, which apart from being an insult to the people living and working in the area, is an extremely cynical and pessimistic way to view a place with such a vibrant history. The fact that the valley was at the very heart of Britain's industrial expansion in the 19th and 20th Century seems to have nd bearing on the way it isbeing ignored in the 1970's. The term dormitory means just what it infers, a place where nobody works, they just live there and go elsewhere to work. Through our office in Slaith- waite, any groups or individuals who want to seriously begin to discuss ideas and schemes can get together. People interested in NATIONAL CARDS ARE STACKED Working out solutions to the Colne Valley's problems is by no means easy. The fact the area has a good record for industrial industrial or commercial invest- relations is, in itself, not good NEXT ISSUE Itishardateat tosayif the paper wil published ona monthly, fortnightly or.every week basis. Whatever itwil need layout people, feature, sports, events and opinion writers. Plus cartoons, cross- words etc. ANYBODY INTERESTED IN THE PRODUCTION OF THE NEXT ISSUE CAN MEET THROUGH OUR OFFICE IN SLAITHWAITE. ment. Contrary to popular belief it seems highly unlikely that the government will ever impose tough enough import restrictions to prevent the closure of further mills. In short, at the present time the Colne Valley does not have a great deal going for it. By Rob Thompson enough to attract the necessary Though the valley runs parallel to the M62 Motorway, there is difficult terrain to Cross to get to it in harsh weather conditions. There does not seem to be any chance of an improved local or regional train service. The extinct mills present many problems to would-be industrialists, unwilling to invest the required amount of continuing and improving the money into buildings in an area, which for them, appears to have a very unpredictable future. The sites on the eastern side of Huddersfield with easier, flatter terrain and better newsheet can contact others through the office too. Nothing will happen unless people really Start taking an active part in their own futures. THE REGIONAL AND AGAINST THE VALLEY WITHOUT THE EXPLOITATION OF RESOURCES OR PEOPLE. EXISTING HOUSIN east HI agg BeULytsSs COULD BECOME A REALLY PLEASANT HOUSING BLOCK WITH ever GARMENT MAKING S KIDS PLAY CENTRE ETC. ~ COURTYARDS ON EACH PEOOR | EXISTING INDUSTRY :a FTOHRE KWIHDOSL:E RIVER AND CAMAL SIDE COLLD BE AND3 STOREY B S$ igs AND WAREHOUS/ THE EMPTY AREAS The river below Golcar-ill used land. (cont on page 7) COLNE VALLEY NEWS. OCTOBER 1976 5 OGRESS WITH AHUMANE CAUSE The Colne Valley’s own rise and fall highlights some of the effects mass industrialization can have on aplace. When the area began its boom in the 18th Century it destroyed the old established textile industry inNorfolk, Devon and Oxfordshire, At present the industries of the Far East are threaten- ing to destroy the industry in the West Riding. The economic market cycle keeps turning, irrespective of social consequences, and the one-industry areas such as the Colne Valley are very vulnerable, because all their eggs are in one very flimsy basket. In reality the Colne Valley today is the product of two very socially destruc- tive forces, one being that it developed around very big factory units, the mills, and the other that there were a great many of these concentrated in a relatively small area. So in local and national terms it would be suicidal to try and reinstate textile production in large mills and consequently it would be just as disasterous to find one industry of equivalent size to replace it. INDUSTRIAL PR Even though the part the Colne Valley played in Britain’s mass industrialization was significant, that growth must be viewed in the light of what we know about its effects today. The type of in- dustrial growth which we as a nation fostered all over the world, is being seen today as the major culprit behind the pollu- tion of nature’s systems and the ensuing scarcity of the earth’s raw materials. So it would be de- trimental to just say that indust- ry in the valley must get-back into full swing, without consid- ering the wider implications of the effects of large scale industry on the lives of people and the places they live in. On the global scale we are now exper- iencing shortages of most raw mater- ials. When textiles first began in the area it was because the wool from the local sheep was particularly suited to making the fabrics for which the valley became noted and because the water in the River Colne was particul- arly good for dyeing and bleaching that material. That was a long time ago, if the industry had stabilized at a size where it could supply itself locally, it would not have grown so cumbersome and virtually reliant for al its raw materials on importation. It would be fatal, in a radically changing world, to build up any new industries on a base that relies so heavily on imported material. Scarcity and cost would soon destroy such an industry today. LOUIS HELLMAN & GEORGE MILLS EVEMING ACTIVITIES COULD INCLUDE PRA SPORTS FACILITIES, MIGHT CLASSES. MILLS IN THE VALLEY BOTTOM-MILNSBRIDGE ONE IDEA Ste, MILL. | Metalworking 6 COLNE VALLEY NEWS. OCTOBER 1976 OUSES, SCHOOLS THEVARIOUSSKILLSINTHE <> AREA COULD COMBINE _<o= “AHorticulture -4Fish farming TO ALTER, THEN WORK FROM THE | CONVERTED 5 _4Waste pulping Recycling of { fabrics SHOPS OR STORES. Aa ++seeIFAGROUP OF PEOPLE CGULD RAISE THE CASH TO ACQUIRE ONE OF EMPTY MILLS IN THe VALLEY, TarndtSAN naetGov Se : USING THE RIGHT TECHNOLOGY, COULD FROM). { possible uses. HUMBLE BEGINNINGS GROW INTG GOOD Size|j CONCERNS. MODIFICATION OF THE MILLS FOR|. Woodworkin TEMPORARYUSESCOULDBEMADECHEAPLY| Plasticmouling 4 PLUS ALL THE 4ANCILLARY USES FROM THE MAJOR INDUSTRIES. WATER AND LAND WITH ldings.... -».WELL SUITED FOR CONVERS- 1ON INTO H bui AED dangig, METEH Xe oz =m “sE ice ow Be Z x - £ & ae Yj)»_off lo es us CS ae WS SSCS weds Popeater os 9 te ee yee Oore TAKE ONE EMPTY MILL CLA>,SeLaOgeerTHROARTIC ESKPON.OTMmill_ ponds°-WITH AFAIRLY ZED pek7 4,FL TU. SONS © MODEST OFTLAYASUBSTANTIAL INCOME EXCEL ROQROTHe OOK YONTM CAN BE OBTAINED eRe. FISH FARMING. BEN. PRo~ GREOULD v7 THIS INCOME COULD FINANCE MORE COSTLY NEarp OUC BRENKo, BE ACTIVITIES AROUND THE MAIN BUILDINGS. \,OTHER POSS- Pa. IBLE USES. “=< POTENTIAL STONES SE OF\SLAT IN THE br COLNE VALLEY NEWS OCTOBER 1976 7 OF E VALL INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS A HUMANE WITH CAUSE (continued from page5) LIED BY THE NUMBER MPTY MILLS The future industrial base of the Colne Valley must be very diverse, therefore because of the area we are talking about, just a six mile long strip of valley, there must be agreat number of small industries producing a great varicty of commodities. Loc- ally this means a great choice of work, which will act as a magnet for the young and restless in the valley, and greater financial stability. Greater stability because in a period of decline only specific kinds of industry will be affected, others will continue to flourish, which means only a few people will be affected, not the whole population of the valley as it is now. The drudgery and sheer inhumanity of the conveyor belt/factory system which we have developed through large industries, is at present under very severe scrutiny. People are now at last beginning to realize that the greatest resource on the planet, people themselves, should not be subjected to the sheer monotony and degrad- ation of most of our factories, they should be valued much more highly. The more humane methods of pro- duction and technology now being developed, which give workers a great deal more satisfaction than the factory system ever did and at the same time are much more aware of the scarcity COMFORTABLE AND PRODUCTIVE WORKSHOPS __ADISMANTLED MILL BUILDIN Small industries can change and adapt much more quickly, in real terms be more economic, and have historically meant a much more satisfying and rewarding life for the people working in them. rt Unlike the situation with textiles, where change meant large scale invest- ment because of the sheer size of the concern, small scale concerns are much more flexible and can adapt quickly to the ever changing methods of production. of the earth’s resources could be applied quickly to new small industr- ies. Cheap and long lasting forms of technology could be the life blood needed by the Colne Valley to get some small industries off the ground. An awareness of the real potential of the vacant land and buildings in the valley coupled with these new meth- ods, could give people a sustained and rewarding future in the area. To the average eye the Colne Valley may appear to be destined for a grim future, or it may be ripe for a tourist industry or a national industrial mus- eum six miles long! But a long hard look beneath this surface reveals a great potential which must not be undervalued, a potential of people, land and buildings which, if it were tapped could provide an extremely rewarding, even exciting next few decades. BY PAUL GORKA & BRIAN ANSON GOLCAR evolved and the nature and character of its other reason than convenience. At a time when everyone is be- ginning to realize the pitfalls of living and working in large cities, or in the sprawling New Towns where most new industry is tem- pted to go, it seems ironic that places such as Golcar or Marsden are being allowed to deteriorate through lack of investment in industry, agriculture and hous- ing. The size and character of If an old industrial area begins to get a second lease of life from being merely a retreat from city life, the place, with- in a very short space of time loses its fundamental quality, becomes as root- less and sterile as a new town or spraw- ling estate. If the people of the Colne Valley do not begin to take a real interest in its future, the local and regional govern- ments will get their way, and the area will become just another suburb. Social change take time, good or bad, but if the warning signs up and down the valley are not heeded soon, the process of deterioration could begin to accelerate. Many areas in towns, cities and villages all over Britian have | STOP PRESS settlements like these provide that delicate balance between town and country, urban and rural. The small towns and villages around most industrial areas have this quality. When it becomes uneconomic for the indigenous population to remain in their area, on leaving, their places for the most part, are taken by the more affluent rumoured redevelopment which makes never really got soing commuters wishing to get away from nearby conurbation or city, preferring the more pleasant environment offered by the small town or village. This in itself is not a bad thing, but when it begins to disturb the social/ economic balance of a place, the overall quality of that place begins to deteriorate socially. people panic and move, or because new development nearby acts as a magnet for people, industry and cash, leaving the other area with few attr- ibutes to make people want to stay there. The absolute pity about the Colne Valley is that it has so much potential as a good place to live and work, that no one seems prepared to recognize. People may consider it romantic to think of the Colne Valley as a good place to live, you could ask what is good about steep paths and roads, The vague and wooley attitude of the people running the meeting made it very difficult for the real issues to be discussed. They expressed concern for every problem, but hed no real policy to tackle any of them. Areas like the valley need some action, not sympathy. in Just a few short years changed from being vibrant and lively places into blighted and run down slums. This is because areas get some kind of curse on them. Either in the form of a The Public Meeting at Huddersfield Town Hall held on the 25th Oct, to discuss the West Yorks ‘Structure Plan' -MADE SUBURBS VILLAGES ARE NOT P THE VALUE OF VALLEY SETTLEMENTS COLNE VALLEY NEWS OCTOBER 1976 inhabitants evolved with it. Today we expect kinships to flower in estates planted in the middle of nowhere for na URPOSE back to back houses and old mills. Well in all honesty in themselves as Scparate entities, there is nothing good about them. The important thing is THAT IF A POPULATION HAS GROWN UP IN A PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT, THEY CREATE IN AND AMONGST IT, PATTERNS, HABITS, AFFINITIES AND WAYS WHICH GIVE IT A UNIQUE QUAL- ITY. A quality which may be only in the eye of the bcholder, BUT A QUALITY WHICH MUST BE REC- OGNIZED AS BEING AN INCR- EASINGLY MORE IMPORTANT PART OF A SATISFYING EVERY- DAY LIFE. The buildings, together with the settlements they make up, would be totally dead without the corresponding nature and character of the people who have lived and worked amongst them. The two are insepar- able, Slaithwaite would be a totally different place filled with people from Leeds, just as Slaithwaite people would feel uneasy and out of place living in Leeds. This is not to say that Slaithwaite should surround itself with barbed wire and keep out allcomers, BUT IF THE DOMINANT NATURE CEASES TO DICTATE THE VILLAGE'S CHAR- ACTER, IT WILL SOON LOSE OF SLAITHWAITERS THOSE QUALITIES WHICH MAKE IT A GOOD PLACE TO LIVE. This applies to every settlement in the valley. It is up to the people living in the different villages to start working out ways of enhancing cach one, regretting their decline is not enough. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Editor George Mills ARC Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived John Murray Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Oct-76 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/4e74302c37a39d43bb3005166dcf9a1a.pdf 0db27bcc9e9497e5747dee8c4e7da13f https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/3ce488786c9eeee1ce9600b49265af4a.pdf 76161a0dd304963e7ed104a699596066 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Public Design Group Description An account of the resource <p><span style="font-weight:400;">Argued that it was only through the public sector that the majority of people could have access to the land and resources needed for housing, education and other essential services. The task was therefore to reform the practice of architecture in local councils to provide an accessible and accountable design service. The Public Design Group proposed reforms to the practice of architecture in local councils to provide a design service accessible and accountable to local people and service users. The following 6 Interim Proposals were developed which were later initiated and implemented in Haringey Council 1979-1985 by NAM members. </span></p> <ul><li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Local area control over resources </span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Design teams to be area based </span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Area design teams to be multi-disciplinary </span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Project architects to report directly to committee</span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Abolish posts between Team Leader and Chief Architect </span></li> <li style="font-weight:400;"><span style="font-weight:400;">Joint working groups with Direct Labour Organisations</span></li> </ul> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE - A Public Design Service? Subject The topic of the resource Report of the Public Design Group to the Minister of Housing and Construction into the provision of architectural services to the community (in response to RIBA community architects working group report proposing private firms) Description An account of the resource APUll[ EInERUI[E , • PUBLIC DESIGN GROUP, NEW ARCHI TECTURE MOVEMENT, 9 Poland Street London WI. COMMUNITY ARCH ITECiURE A PUBLIC DESIGN SERVICE? Report of the Public Design Group of the New Architecture Movement to the Minister of Housing and Construction into the provision of architectural services to the community. Public Design Group New A rchitecture Movement 9 Poland Street London. W, 1. 29 September, 1978, CONTENTS: INTRODUCT ION SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE A Definition Central and Local Government Recognition . COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE - THROUGH LOCAL COUNCILS7 Resources Accountabil ity Integration Construction Tenant Participation LOCAL COUNCILS - CRITICISMS General Criticisms Criticisms by Tenants and Local Council Architects INTERIM PROPOSALS PROPOSALS OF THE RIBA COMMUNITY WORKING GROUP CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION: This report is submitted by the Publ ic Design Group of the New Architecture Movement to the Minister for Housing and Construction to assist in the investigation he is currently undertaking into the potential of various forms of Community Architecture. It is understood that the Royal Institute of British Architects is submitting its own report, prepared by its Community Architecture Working Group. The New Architecture Movement does not support the RIBA's proposals as described from time to time in the architectural press, and is therefore presenting its own arguments lest the impression be gained that the RIBA's view is accepted by the profession as a whole. The New Architecture Movement (NAM) is a substantial body of mainly salaried architects, working in both the public and private sectors. They share a consensus of views on different aspects of architecture and the profession. In the past these views have differed radically from those advanced by the RIBA. The Publ ic Design Group of NAM was delegated by the movement as a whole to undertake an enquiry into the public architectural service and to put forward proposals to a special conference in May 1978. These interim proposals, which are included in this report, and the analysis on which they were based were endorsed by the conference and the Group is currently engaged in extending their study and on promoting their views in the public sector. This report may be summarised as demonstrating that, since an architectural service cannot be considered in isolation from the provision of resources of land and finance, nor from the subsequent construction programme, and if this service is to be both freely available and accountabl~ to the majority of the public, then it l. must be a local authority service. Accepting that principle, careful consideration is given to the serious criticisms levelled at the present local counci I departments of architecture, and proposals for re-organisation are made which would enable the principle of direct accountability to be fulfi lIed. Finally, the report examines briefly the RIBA proposals for a community architecture as understood from reports in the technical press, and relates these to the current crisis in private architectural practice. Since it is understood that the Minister's terms of reference relate specifically to the ~uestion of architects' services to the community, the report has been confined as far as possible to this subject only. That is not to suggest that the New Architecture Movement bel ieves that the structure and financing of local government, its relationship to central government and the relationships of other counci I departments to the architects are unrelated or unimportant. These have not been included in the proposals because they fall outside the scope of this report. The New Architecture Movement trusts that this report will constructively contribute to the sum of material on which the Minister will formulate his decision, and we would confirm our wi llingness to participate in any further debate which the Minister may wish to pursue. 2. SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS: * THAT A COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURAL SERVICE SHOULD BE BASED ON THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND NOT ON PRIVATE PRACTICE. To achieve this, certain interim changes are proposed to present structures : .-.. ' -'.. * LOCAL AREA CONTROL OVER RESOURCES ~ * DESIGN TEAMS SHOULD BE AREA-BASED INSTEAD OF FUNCTION~BASED, * AREA DESIGN TEAMS SHOULD BE MULTIDISCIPLINARY. * JOB ARCHITECTS SHOULD REPORT DIRECTLYTQ CQMMITTEE, * ABOLISH POSTS BETWEEN GROUP LEADER AND CHIEF ARCHITECT. * ESTABLISH JOINT WORKING GROUPS WITH DLQls. COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE: A Definition: Although the term "community architecture!! has become common currency amongst at least a section of the architectural profession, five or six years ago the expression did not exist. In that short space of time it has also changed in meaning. The present concept of ,lIcommunity architecture'l embodies ideas about designing for poor cl ients. A paper on the subject presented to the Apri I 1978 RIBA Counci I Meeting stated, ....."this kind of architecture (community arch\tectllre) can only be practised with the knowledge and consent of the user. We must be moving towards an architecture for everyone, not just for thosewh.o have the money to pay for it ....• , so a national fund is needed to help the poor to aquire the skills of an architect,ll (cited in Architects Journal 19.4,78) This agreeable sentiment begs the question as to who provides the funds to buy land and pay the builder. The provision of these resources .is necessary before the skills of an architect can even become relevant. Control over land and finance is therefore the primary issue. By discarding this and other features of the community action of the 1960ls and early 1970's, the RIBA have at once depoliticised it and changed its meaning. The concept of the new "community architecture" is one in which the socially-responsible professional attends to the needs of the individual poor, rather in the way that a doctor helps a sick patient. Because of this the RIBA sti 11 find themselves in their perennial difficulty of locating cl ients: liThe emergence of this new client (the poor) is causing some architectural and some non-architectural teething troubles. The first is that of making contact with the new client and informing him of what the profession can offer." (RIBA CAWG Report - cited in Building Design 13.1.78) 4. The Ilcommunity architecture" of the past was quite different. It, and the community action from which it was generated are by now well documented. Discontent over unacceptable environmental and social conditions fol lowing ten years of slum clearance and large scale urban redevelopment were expressed in various forms of direct action, as organisations of tenants and residents demanded a say in the way their surroundings were designed and managed. The students and young salaried architects who were involved in this process w.orked with local residents in the preparatlon and presentation of alternative schemes for their own locality. This became known as IIcommunity architecture". It embodied several ideas * Local control by local people over their own environment. This entai led control over the way resources were al located. * Small scale activity based on a weI I defIned locality. * Architects working directly with and accountable to users, and more precisely to organisations of working class tenants and residents in urban areas. * A collective rather than an individual professional relationship. * It was consequently a pol itical as distinct from a professional matter and it involved at least the potential of conflict with the existing authority i ,e. with the establ ished patrons of architecture. 5. Community architecture so defined was for the architect a part~time, unpaid and temporary assignment. In many cases it resulted in the architect who worked with the tenants being in direct opposition to local authority architects, ~lthough the tenants themselves were the intended beneficiaries of the latter's proposals. Central and Local Government Recognition; Community architecture thus stemmed from a public need to prevent the worsi excesses of urban renewal and in so doing to control the general form of building in the areas in which people 1ived ~nd worked. Eventually the combined force of ten~nts dem~nds together with increasing official concern over the new estates rel~ting largely to vandal ism, lead to changes in government pol icy. The new policies took two main forms changes in built form, and changes in tenant involvement. Changes in Built Form:. Two years after is assumed office the 1964 Labour Government commissioned the Deeplish Study into the possibi litiesof rehabilitation instead of the clearance and high density urban redevelopment approach, established by the previous Conservative administration, and encouraged by means of subsidies. Under subsequent Labour governments the housing policy gradually changed from high rlsel high density to low rise/high density and finally to the current preoccupation with low rise/medium density new build linked to rehabil itation of existing stock. The built form of council housing was consequently transformed In the space of a few years in response to reactions to the problems caused by previous pol icies. These changes, which were intended to take account of the users and residents! wishes were directed by ministerial speeches and government reports and circulars; They were enforced by alterations to the subsidies. 6. The new form of housing however, reflected only the governinents technical solutions to the problems experienced in the past. It answered some of the most vigorous complaints and rectified some of the most obvious mistakes. But tenants' and residentsl views were as yet voiced through sample surveys. That is to say. the potential of a further mls~match between government policies and users~ needs remained. Changes in Tenant Involvement: The seco~d ~harig~tackled this weakness and it is more far reaching in that it sought to extend the democratic process. The 1974 Labour government began to look for ways In which tenants could have more say in the design Clnd mCinagernent of their estates , The government Working Party into Housing Co~operCltlves had included in its terms of reference the following: "(The Working Party is) to report to the Minister,." on ways in which local authority and housing associCjtion tenants. can be enabled by co-operative management schemes to participate collectively in decisions which Clffect them II t,~ and II The need for a degree of local control WCjS thus officiCilly acknowledged. A growing number of local authorities h~ve recognised that this process should be extended. Tenants in these authorities have won the right of veto over council proposals affecting their area;.their representatives have been co-opted with voting powers on to Council Committees; and the tenants co-operativ~ brief the counci I architects on the design of their new estates. The idea of local control over resources hCls therefore begun as a 10gicCjl progression taken in the light of past experience, The recipients of government policy are beginning to have a SCly in how their part of the Where conditions are not 5uitCible for co~operCitivesl tenants should nevertheless be Involved through consultation and participation in the running of their homes 'I" lit,1\ (DOE Circular 8/76) 7. social wage is allotated. It is the contention of this report that these policies are the basis of the way ahead. An accountable and freely avai lable publ ic design service cannot come in the long term from an arthitectural fund for ',.'the poor" serviced by private practitioners on an individual basis. It can only come through an extension of collective local control over resources which are channel led through local government and serviced by local authority architects and building workers . The situation- Is therefore envisaged where representat ives of tenants and ~esidents, together with local counciJlors, and trade unionists control the various components involved in producing the built environment in their area. Initiatives such as ASSIST~( and others have already demonstrated this potential for new f6rms of practice and working relationships. They differ markedly from the current RIBA proposals. But merely to advocate their expansion is to propose a selective programme. Their valuable contribution and conclusions are best general ised and taken forward in a more radical way, It is suggested here that the time has come for their ideas to be implemented within the existing structure of publicly financed design ~ can the experience of a previous community architecture be ext~nded. To suggest otherwise is to avoid the central issue at stake in developing greater community control over services which people aIready pay for. .~ ASSIST Tenant Involvement Project in Glasgow Initiated by University of Strathclyde. Only in thi sway 8. COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE - THROUGH THE LOCAL COUNCILS? The fullest possible democratisation of architectural practice, the development of "community architecture", is an important component of any attempt to give people more control over the environment in which they 1ive. The RIBA bel ieve, and their reasons will be examined later, that small private practices, given public subsidy, are the best way to promote this idea~-' Contrary to this it is argued here that a real publ ic design service should be developed through a restructuring and democratisation of the many local councils and publ ic architects departments already in existence throughout the country. Just as community architecture appeared in the second half of the 20th Century because it was necessary, local government emerged in the early 19th Century only because it was socially and economically necessary for the maintenance and continuation of the newly industrialising society. Similarly the various local government services were added only when society had no other acceptable choice, e.g. Council housing legislation in 1919 was passed becasue 70 years 6f private philanthropic and other ad hoc provision had failed to alleviate the housing problem. On the other hand it is only through the extension of public control that the vast majority of people are able to secure the resources necessary for their health education and housing. Local authority departments of architecture nQw emplqy nearly one third of all registered architects compared to less th.an 20?6 in 1952. Their emergence followed closely after legislation which made housing \., . and schools a statutory local govern~~nt responsibility, While loci31 government architects carry out a variety of work their growth and continued existence is almost wholly dependent on the provision of schools and housing, These two (>·:counted for 8 times th.e value of all other council building ,work in 1976, Thus local authority architects form the "in""'houseH design teams which local government required in its provision of bui ldings for various social services. Many detractors argue that local government provision as a whole, including architects departments, for various reasons will qlwqys be insensitive to public demands and needs. It is argued here thqt this need not be the case. If lessons are learne-d from the recent past and acted upon, the local autho~ity architectural service can become fully responsive to pub1 ic requirements. What has to be acknowledged is that this wi 11cq11 for rqdjcql qnd imaginative new departures and an effort of political will, The arguments for a "community architecture!! through the locql authorities may be summarised ~s fol lows: Resources: It has already been qrgued thqt access to qnd control over resources is central to the development of "community architecture", Local counci 1s are in a position to provide all the necessary resources - land, finance, architectural services and in many cases, with direct labour, bui 1ding services - through their existing, locally based structures. In addition, it is only when these resources are pub1 ic1y owned that their use can be controlled by perip~e through their elected represehtatives. Privately owned land and fina~ce, to which only a minority have access are used simply in the most profitable way for shareholders, regardless of social need. Accountability: Although the internal arrangements of local authorities may need some rigorous re-appra i sa 1, the i r depa rtments are, at least in theory, accountable at an overall pol icy level to the locally elected council . Their architects departments, operating as a service and not for private gain, are already indirectly accountable to the local community, and can become directly accountable. 10. Integration: Community involvement and control relates to more than housing. Social and welfare provision, transportation, industry the environment and other factors also affect the life of the community. A participatory and democratic local authority is the only existing agency able to co-ordinat~ and integrate all these services both within and between localities. Construction: The concept Ilcommunity architecture" suggests a new and dynamic relationship between architects and the locai~eople. This co-operation should be extended into the construction process itself, into the relationship between designers and building workers. - Labour's document "Building Britain's Futurell recognises the mistrust and misunderstanding that at present divides these two groups. It also recognises the value of Direct Works departments and cal Is for their expansion. Through the area-based local authority design and construction teams envisaged by this report, both these objectives could be met, to the advantage of all parties involved ­ architects, building workers and local people, Tenant Participation: The Government has already committed Itself to encouraging the development of tenant Participation and control in housing management, but this type of involvement can only be a part of "enabling tenants to exercise real control over their living conditions" (D.C.E. Circular 8/76 "Housing Co-operatives"). There is obviously an accompanying need for tenants, collectively and individually, .to control provision and design of both rehabilitation and new build housing. With its already substantial involvement in this sector and its abi 1ity to bring together tenants, prospective tenants, resources, and designs and construction workers, the local authority has a central role to play in developing tenant par~icipation at all levels of housing provision. For these reasons it is argued in this report that local counci Is at the lowest tier of local government operate a service which is not motivated primarily by the concern with profitabIlity which is characteristic of the private sector nor with the paternal ism of charitable provision. Consequently, they form the most suitable basis for the development of a democratic and accountable "community architecture". 11. LOCAL COUNCILS - CRITICISMS: In the following section, the main criticisms of local authority departments of architecture wil I be examined briefly and changes proposed. Itis outside the scope of this report to suggest other radical changes to the structure _?f local government or to other counci I departments. However, as Malpass (2) for example pointed out, it is clear that Client as well as Town planning and - Valuation departments form pol icies which already determine land use and, to a large ext~~t, the overal I form of development, before the project architect even becomes involved, Nevertheless, it is bel ieved that the proposals contained here not only are substantial improvements in themselves but also incorporate the potential for future change in the same direction, That is, these are not seen as once and for all prescriptions, but as part of a continuing process of democratisation of local government, General Criticisms: Despite the fact that local authority architects and local government in general provide a socially useful service both are the subject of much criticism. Nor is the problem of explaining thi s persistent viI ification primeri Iy one of pointing to possible causes, Anyone aquainted with either the architectural profession or with tenants organisations could readi ly make suggestions. It appears that these general criticisms are based on two separate arguments. Firstly, because local authority practice is a public and non-profit-making institution it will be regarded in society generally, including within the architectural profession as a threat to the prevailing ideology of individual ism and the market place. 12. The denigration of the local authority architect began with the emergence of modern publ ic practice in the late 19th Century. As Summerson has noted, IIAII the glory and much of the profit was associated with 11 By the early 1920lS ideas which have continued to the present time were firm~y establ ished. "Employment in the staff of a local authority was sought on Iy by those to whom the pay enve ]'ope was a very much more urgent consideration than opportunities 1t The many examples of local authority architecture praised by the publ ic and the profession alike have been, and are still ignored when the image of public practice is being discussed, That Is~ ideas ab6ut public practice are generalised from the worst examples, For private practice the opposite appears to be the case, so that in successive surveys amongst architectural students for example, a large majority consistently put private practice as their first choice of work place. At the same time however, as local authorities themselves became increasingly important as patrons of architecture, the existence of in-house local authority architects wi!] certainly pose an economic threat to private practice. Thus, it may be thought not surprising that a profession which is dominated by the ethos of private practice but,which is dependent on the pub11c sector for work, rather than resolve the contradiction of its own position wi II conduct a continuous campaign of vi I ification against local authority departments of architecture , the private practitioners. (J. Summerson - liThe London Building \~orld of the 18601sll) for the creation of architecture. ( J . Summerson) ••• 13. Criticisms by Tenants and Local Authority Architetts: There is also another and separate concern over local authority departments of architecture. It is to be found amongst the consumers of the service and amongst local authority architects themselves. The tenants' problems have been documented and are still documented in magazines such asllCommunlty Acti.on~'. _Malp_~ss_ (2) has written one of the few serious studies of local authority architects and their problems. Both sources describeauthqrltarlan and hierarchial departments, : insensitive to the needs of user and architect alike. Job architects labouring under many external and internal constraints and the consumers of their work never meet because of the ~boundaries~ which haVe grown up in the local government institution. It is conventional to talk tif local government problems in terms of hierarchies, but these are essentially abstracted from other connections and are thus not very helpful. It Is more con~enient to think of the problem existing between architect and user as one of ~boundaries~~ The boundaries themselves exist because of the origins and social role of local government. Two of these boundaries which insulate producer from consumer are function-based teams and office hierarchies, Tenants and residents in the past have shown that they are able to formulate and achieve their own demands. Local authority architects have not met them halfway. Because of this the proposals contained here will be taken from the point of view of amending structures to increase the accountabil ity of the architect to the user while at the same time increasing democracy within the department. 14 . . INTERIM PROPOSALS: 1. LOCAL AREA CONTROL OVER RESOURCES · Since control over design cannot be separated from control over the resources of land and finance, changes are required in the formal council structure to enable control to be exercised at ..---. .. community level. Although counicllors are elected on an area basis they serve on function-based committees (housing, education) which have control over the expenditure of money on theprovision.of services across the whole local authority area. Real local needs tend to be subordinated to an assumed general interest. The role of a councillor as a committee member therefore may be {n conflict with his or her role asa representative of a local interest, In order that local area interests are safeguarded, it is suggested that a further tier be added below the main functional committees (c.f. neighbourhood counci Is). These would be area committees consisting of representatives of local tenants and residents organisations, local counci llors and trade unionfsts. The size of the area would obviously be a matter for discussion. These committees should deal with all council matters relating to their area and would consequently relate to several or all of the main function-based committees. They should have powers of recommendation and of veto in their relationship to the main committees. They should brief architects and have power of approval over designs and standards. 2. DESIGN TEAMS SHOULD BE AREA-BASED INSTEAD OF FUNCTION-BASED So that they can relate to local area committees and the requirements of local people. The present arrangement of function-based architectural teams servicing function-based client committees and depdrtments has two major disadvantages. Firstly, in providing a service 0ithin this structure, architects are fsolated from the people who will use their bui ldings. Architects work on a Borough­ wide basis, and people1s needs and wishes, insofar as they are tak~n 15. into account at all, are averaged out and presen~ed to the architect in briefing guides as criteria to be designed for in much the same way as are site constraints. The total constitutes a design problem and the concept of the a-pol itical ofHcer paid to solve technical problems is thus reinforced. Similarly the professional ideology of individual architects expressing themselves in their designs is sustained. Secondly,this system creates a "closed circuit"· method of .liaison. For the architect: architect-client department~ cl ient committee. It i~ i I logical as well as difficult to break this circle to relate to local residents or even local councillors. The publ ic also find this organisational boundary virtually impregnable, They are vulnerable to official action yet the boundary renders the officers immune to the consequence of that action. It should be noted thClt the term lIarea based team" as distinct from tlfunct ion based team" does not nece.ssa.ri Iy meqn thClt the team is located in an area, It merely means that a team is responsible for the work in Cln area. As such, it would offer the architects a variety of types of project. It would also enable them to initiate action in their area instead of being the recipient of decisions by others. 3. AREA DESIGN TEAMS SHOULD BE MULTI-DISCIPLINARY AND SHOULD HAVE AROUND TWELVE MEMBERS AS A SUGGESTED OPTIMUM The term multi-disciplinary would in the local authority context include planners and valuers as weI I as the more usual design team members such as quantity surveyors and engineers. 4. JOB ARCHITECTS (and other team members) SHOULD REPORT DIRECTLY TO COMMITTEE Each job architect and teClm member should be responsible directly to the committee for the work he or she carries out. In this way 16. not only will committee members relate to the person actually producing the work, but job architects wi 11 be aware that they work in a pol itical forum as well as a technical one, 5. ABOLISH POSTS BETWEEN GROUP LEADER AND CHIEF ARCHITECT Group leaders should become responsible directly to the are~ committee and thus to the Council for the collective work of the group, The chief architect would then perform a co~ordinating role amongst the groups, similar to the role performed by the elected leader of the council vis-~~vis committees.Occup~nts of redundant posts to be found a more useful role in the new structure. It is envisaged that in the future group leqders should be subject to election by their group and that the chief architect sh.ould be elected from amongst group le~ders, with periodic change built In. It should be noted that the present vertical structuring of the architects departments stemmed from the l~te 19th Century private practice model. That is, from a form of practice comprised. of one principal and a small number of apprentices, The largest practices of that time had one partner and around 25 apprentices. As private practices grew so did the number of partners, each being equally responsible under Partnership Law. ~ common ratio of partner to staff is 1:15}, In publ ic practice the concept of one chief remained so that when the chief architect became responsible to the council for the actions of more than 100 staff, intermediate grades were introduced whose sole function was to control the job architect, Theirs is a non-design function and thei r status is dependent on increasing the proportion of procedural and managerial matters under their control, They form an effective boundary between job architect and chief architect, let alone between job architect and councillor or job architect and user. 17. 6 . EST ABLISH JOINT WORKING GROUPS WITH DLOS To consider how to achieve-better designed, constructed and maintained buildings. In the longer term it is envisaged that separate professional teams should disappear in favour of design and build teams within the service of the local authority rather than within the building contractors' organisation. Summary; It is clear that many if not all, of these proposals could be put into effect_ fairly readily, It may be noted that in at least two London Boroughs, proposals similar to these are being actively discussed as departments of architecture are re-organised. These proposals are seen as p~rt of a continuing process of democratisation of local government, without which a lasting community architecture is not possible. They are not seen as a final solution but are offered as practical proposals appl icable at this stage. The next stage in the development of these ideas is to widen this discussion to include representatives of tenants, local councils, central government and NALGO and other pub] ic sector unions, In advocating these proposals it is recognised that there are other relevant questions which should be considered but which are outside the scope of this report. e,g. * Devolution of power from central to local government, particularly in relation to the control over building finance at present exercised by central government departments. * The relationships between architects and other council departments. 18. * How the RI BA form of building contract dictates the relationship between architect and building worker by separating design and construction, how this is unnecessary in the public sector, and how a new arrangement could be evolved to faci litate the formation of local authority design and bui ld teams. * The role played by architectural education, including further discussion of the labour Party proposals for overcoming the present sectarian and private practice bias. (3). 19. THE PROPOSALS OF THE RIBA COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE WORKING GROUP: It is significant that the RIBA's proposals for "community architecture" have developed now, when architecture, especially in the private sector, faces an unprecedented crisis. Although there are supporters of CAWG who are genuinely seeking new ways of relating to the community, hard economic logic and self-preservation rather than a new humanitarianism appear to lurk behind the present profess(onal-vogue for "community architecture". Figure 1. shows the serious position faced by private architectural practice. This declining workload is largely a result of economic recession in the economy as a whole. The construction industry, as usual, is affected particularly badly. However, this crisis has been compounded by structural changes in the construction in~ustry which threaten the position of the architect over and above the results of thegeneral recession. The RIBA acknowledge this; •• community architecture is not a passing trend. Economic and social pressures wi II ensure that for many architects, the nature of the job will change .....11 (cited in Architects Journal 19.4.78) The most important of these changes is the increasing division of labour, whereby special ists are taking over more and more of- the traditional functions of the architect, and the growth of the package deal and design and build which largely by-pass the architect altogether. The effect of the recession and structural change is made more difficult for the private architect by a fal ling amount of work commissioned from private practice by the public sector. (See Figure 2.). The RIBA are naturally anxious to find areas in which private practice can continue to function, both to help to ride out what after a11, may only be a relatively short-term crisis in the industry as a whole. They also need to adapt to the longer-term structural changes, Figure 3., which shows both the state of the traditional areas of private practice involvement and the comparitively healthy state of repairs and maintenance gives a clear indication of why private practice needs to move into small scale rehabi litation and renovation work. 20. ......... VI Cl) U "­ D- o r--... 0'\ +J ro c: 0 .­ E t...,) FIGURE 1. 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 lOa ~---+---4--~--~~~~--+---+---+-~~---r---+--~--~--~~~ 1963 64 65 66, 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 78 Source: The Monopol ies Commission Report and RIBA. NEW COMMISSIONS FOR PRIVATE ARCHITECTS • 45 40 . 35 30 . 25 20 10 Percentage 50 FIGURE 2. 65 66 67 70 71 72 7374 75 76 77 78 Sources: Monopolies Commission Report, A.J. and National Board for Prices and Incomes. PROPORTION OF NEW BUILDING WORK FOR PUBLIC AUTHORITIES CERTIFIED BY PRIVATE PRACTICE. FIGURE 3. ~ource: A . J . 2 8 . 6 , 7 8 1800· . ISOO 1400 .1200 1000 .... '" repairs and lIlai:ltel\.lJ>Ce " ' .I 'j; ... " .;- .. .. ."....-"\.......... ---- \ .'. priYlte industrial "" , , '.. ",­ ' ....: I>'ivat~ housing .:. ...." ... .... .... " • ,'-'-'- r.,._.... , ......... '. .'...., .. ',, o .' ,;' "., '."" '-'_'_' ~600 - c: ~. ... ' . ----'" ?"".- " 400-: -----r---···~··-·~--·-·i~~i 1968 69 io il 72 73 74 75 i6 n 78 79 1980 public non · housin, ! ' , .... , - ....:-7­ ~ ----!-i----~'---;-·--:--~ actual~ · .. .....forecast S I BRITISH CONSTRUCTION OUTPUT, ACTUAL AND FORECAST BY SECTOR. I • ,. The problem they now face is to persuade a justifiably sceptical public, outlook and allegiances. So the new, democratic, humane and caring "community architect" is born . The RIBA's major proposal is for a community aid fund to be established, with finance from the Government, to enable the setting up of small, area-based architectural advice centres. They see these operating alongside and in a similar way to legal advice centres and, more interestingly, doctors ' surgeries. This latter parallel is important as the assumptions underlying it reflect how 1ittle the attitude of the profession has changed. The medical profession is not renowned for its openess. Certainly, a more aware publ ic would undermine the professional role of the doctor. Can the public expect qnything different from architects, or will mystification continue for the sake of the architect's social and economic standing, "Community qrchitectllrel' in the past was a dynamic relationship of co~operation, as equals, between architects and local people. The Community Architecture Working Group's proposals seem to contain a paternql ism and protection of professional interests inimical to this open and active relationship. Notwithstanding these professional and paternalistic qssumptions which seem likely to characterise any development of "community architecture" as envisaged by CAWG, there is a disturbing narrowness in the actual nature of the proposals which tends to 1imit any advantages they might otherwise contain. Firstly, they do not address themselves to the problem of the construction industry and the relationship between design and construction. Within their proposals the mistrust between the two sides will remain. The RIBA's response to this qllestion has been to criticise the Labour Party's proposals and to re-assert the professionql independence of the architect from the builder. Furthermore the proposals refer only to housing. There appears to be 1ittle attempt to see how this wi 11 relate to all the other social I pol itical and economic factors which go to make up the environment, and how these can be democratically integrated at the level of the community. in the concrete jungle and high-rise given the role of the ~rchitect boom of the '60's and early '70's, that they have really changed their 21. IICommunity architecture·· should not only involve democratic and co-operative relationships between architects, local people and building workers, but should also promote internal office democracy for the architects themselves. In private practice there is a growing awareness of the different interests of the salaried architects who produce the work and the partners who own the practice. We await expectantly to hear how the RIBA, dominated as it is by the owners in private practice, proposes to solve this internal confl ict in the new community style, private offices. • CONCLUSION: While the undoubted sincerity of many of the people involved in the Community Architecture \oJorking Group is beyond question, their overal I approach seems to contain more dedication to self-preservation in a period of crisis for the architectural profession than it does to the needs of the community. There is, however, a need to develop ··community architecture'· and democratic accountabi I ity. It has been suggested in this report that this is most Iikely to be achieved through Local Councils, The way forward should be seen not through a narrow professional self-defence but through a positive liaison between users, producers and designers arising from a development of the potential for greater democratic involvement and accountabi I ity within the existing local government structure. 22. oJ " Select Bibl iography: Some of the issues raised in this Brief Report are dealt with in more detaiIin : 1. NAN PDS Group papers on ­ * The Origins, Evolution and Structure of Local Authority Departments of A rchitecture. ,', HoLising A ssociations - A Democratic A lternative, Both in "public Design Service Conference Proceedings May 197811, Available from NAM, 9 Poland Street, W.l Price £1.75.inc1.p&p. * NAM A National Design Service. Papers 2 &3 1976 ­ Price 75p. inc!. p & p. P. Malpass - "Architects, Professional ism and Local Authority Housing", N.A. Thesis - Newcastle University, 1973. 2. 3. Labour Party - 'IBuilding Britain's Future - Labour1s Policy on Construction " . (35p. from Smith Square), Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John Murray with PDS Group Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived John Murray & John Allan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 29 Sept 1978 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/ec5fc54f7df289fb580cb260d8fb99a3.pdf 1d3d23c838f88a0addbb52512d58debe Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Conduct Monitoring Group Minutes Subject The topic of the resource Conduct Monitoring Group Minutes + final version of Advice to Architects (3 sides) Description An account of the resource Present : Mr David Waterhouse (Chairman) Mr M Nickolls (Chairæn PPC) Messrs. J Allan, N Arnold, E Benroy and the Registrar and Assistant Registrar. It was noted that this was the first meeting of the newly formed Group which in effect had not met for two and a half years. 2. The Group had before it the text of four motions which had been put to the Council at its March meeting on the proposal of Mr Arnold seconded by Mr Walker. The matter had been remitted to the Professional Purposes Comittee for examination and report and the purpose of the present meeting was to give the Professional Purposes Comittee at its meeting on May 1st the benefit of the Group's technical examination. The Chairman introduced the subject by saying that the centre of discussion was the practice of having RIBA me±ership as a requirement in various employment situations. A preliminary survey of eight issues of the publication Architects Journal had shown that out of 35 advertisements by local authorities 10 had mentioned umbership of the RIBA as a for applicantJ and out of 247 practices advertising two had mentioned the same requirement. Various other statistics were mentioned by the Group in other publications. The Chairman went on to say that notions A and B appeared to be similar, with C and D in rather a different category, Mr Arnold said that it seemed to be rather a discriminatory situation when it arose in public autmrity advertising but there was also relevance in private advertiseænts where architects were in control. Turning to the wording of the motions the Chairman pointed out that it was a key-note of the publication '*Conduct and Discipline" that a prohibition should not be specified and therefore to describe anything as "unacceptable conducta would be out of court. This practice could not be seen as per se disgraceful conduct. Mr Arnold said it was not being suggested that any case should automatically rank for the Discipline Comittee t s attention but in a blatant case reference might be made to the Solicitor Complainant with the object of bringing pressure rather than to discipline. Mr Benroy pointed out that it should not be forgotten that AIL constituent bodies were involved because even if it were rare for the acronyms of other constituent bodies to be stipulated reference to the RIBA could be read as ruling out the others. Mr Nickolls pointed out that the PPC t s attitude in the past had been to see this practice not by way of the Standard of Conduct but as the exercise of the freedom of any employer to make stipulations about netlbers of his staff. The Chairman queried whether the practice could be seen as reflecting on an architect's integrity. Mr Allan said it had to be seen in relation to the law affecting of association and in particular Section 17 of the 1931 Act. There certain specifications were laid down before a corporate body could describe itself as "architects n ; this practice proposed an additional filter which the law did not recognise. It was his contention that that was wrong and introduced a distortion of the conditions specified by the law. Mr Benroy said he rather agreed with this and Mr Nickolls said that he was persuaded that the matter could not just be dismissed as if it was not relevant to the Standard of Conduct. There followed some discussion on the extent one could combat an employers right to lay down what conditions he wanted and whether an artifical restriction operated to the disadvantage of the employee or the public. If one could breach integrity by laying down unreasonable conditions could that be said of a preference? Mr Allan said that the question should be put in the form whether or not the preference was reasonable. There followed some discussion on the nuances inherent in a requirement as distinct from a preference. The Group finally came to the conclusion that there is an identifiable relationship between this practice and the Standard of Conduct. It was also agreed that there was action that ARCUK could take and that this should best be done as regard the contents of nntions A and B by the publication of an additional "Advice to Architects" in terms of the attached draft. It was also felt that the substance of motion C and D called for the publication of the document by way of insertion in the 19821/5 Annual Report and distribution to other named addressees. It was agreed that this propositon should be put to the Professional Purposes Comittee at its next meeting with the suggestion that the Comittee recomend to Council accordingly. Mr Arnold said that in the event of the Council accepting the new edition to the "Advice to Architects" he saw no reason why the four motions should not be withdrawn. Issue No. 2 19th June 1985 Advice to Architects On the recommendation of its Professional Purposes Committee the Council has approved the following additional Advice to Architects ; 7 . All registered persons have equivalent recognition from ARCUK and architects concerned with the selection of other architects for appointments or advancement should not without demonstrable justification make any requirement or preference in addition to registration if to do so would put their integrity in question by unreasonably limiting choice. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource ARCUK Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10.4.85 https://nam.maydayrooms.org/files/original/3e998fd2e403c32bee45e36343837474.pdf 4258e1ea64fa8a075eadff3e5395ca55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Professional Issues Description An account of the resource A cohort of NAM members became engaged with the professional registration body, standing as elected councillors on the Architects Registration Council and its various committees. Hitherto entirely dominated by the RIBA bloc, the Council began to yield to a new dynamic through NAM's involvement, enabling fresh perspectives on such issues as mandatory fee scales, greater lay representation on the body, ethically-based standards of professional conduct, etc. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Copy of RIBA submission to Construction Industry Study Team on PI problems Subject The topic of the resource Copy of RIBA submission to Construction Industry Study Team on PI problems (12pp) Description An account of the resource Submission by the Royal Institute of British Architects to the Construction Industry Study Team on Professional Liability Problems INTRODUCTION 1.01 The RIBA welcomes the opportunity to make a formal submission on professional liability problems to the Construction Industry Study •ream. In accordance with the Study Team's invitation this submission broadly follows the structure outlined below: 1 . Problems perceived in the current arrangements (Section 2 ) Action taken by the RIBA to combat these problems (Section 3 ) Priorities for reform (Section 4) 0. How these reforms can best be implemented (Section 5 ) 1.02 Representatives of the RIBA would be pleased to meet the Study Team Chairman and Secretariat to discuss this submission. Should further information be required we shall endeavour to provide it. 2 2. PROBLEMS PERCEIVED IN CURRENT ARRANGENENTS The State of the law 2.01 The present state of the law in relation to defects in buildings is identified in the Atkins Report (Latent Defects in Buildings: An Analysis of Insurance Possibilities, Building EDC, 1985) as a mess . It is uncertain and, often, unjust. It serves the interests of neither those who produce nor those who, as tenants or owners, subsequently use and enjoy buildings. 2.02 Although written before the Latent Damage Act 1986, that statement remains true today . The 1986 Act, which closely follows the recommendations in the 24th Report of the Law Reform Committee on the subject of latent damage, fails in our view to satisfy the Committee's own criteria of justice and equity to claimants and defendants alike. 2.03 Those who suffer damage as a result of defects in buildings require certainty of compensation and, more particularly, payment of that compensation without delay in order that they shall have available the funds necessary to repair the defect and so contain the damage. A right to compensation is illusory if the route to that remedy is prolonged and costly, if the defendant, being a company, no longer exists or being an individual has died or does not have the means to pay. Yet in seeking to alert the Government and the public to the seriousness of this situation, the professions have found themselves rebufTed on the grounds that they are simply pleading their own cause, and even accused of being interested solely in some form of limitation of their own liability. European considerations 2.0/1 In the Bulletin of the European Communities (Supplement 6/86) the Commission recalled that - "The first impetus for consumer protection policy was given by Heads of State and Government in October 1972. Meeting in Paris, on the eve of the Community's first enlargement, they called on the Community to adopt a programme to augment and co-ordinate national measures in favour of the protection of consumers. This policy was formally inaugurated in April 1975 with the adoption of the first programme for consumer protection . This set out to guarantee five basic consumer rights protection of the consumer against health and safety risks; protection of consumers' economic interests; improvement of the consumers' legal position (help, advice, the right to seek legal remedy); — improvement of consumer education and informat ion ; appropriate consultation and representation of consumers in the taking of decisions affecting their interests. " 2.05 The problems arising from the state of the law outlined above involve potential infringement of all of these consumer rights, since in the context of the provision of professional services the client is the consumer. Collateral Warranties 2.06 'l'he unsatisfactory state of the law has led to a marked growth, particularly in the commercial field, in the call for warranties to be given by a professional firm to a company which is not the client but which is providing finance for a proposed development. The RIBA has seen a number of such documents which would have the effect of requiring member firms to act with more than the professional standard of reasonable skill and care even to the point of warranting the performance of a building. Those requesting such an undertaking appear unaware that the attendant liability would not be covered under the normal indemnity insurance policy wording. The policy issued under the RIBA Insurance Scheme, for example, includes the following under a heading of General Exclusions: "The policy shall not indemnify the Assured in respect of . any claim arising out of performance warranties, penalty clauses or liquidated damages clauses unless the liability of the Assured to the claimant would have existed in the absence of such warranties or clauses. " Joint and several liability 2.07 The majority of claims arising out of building industry operations involve a number of defendants. If' more than one defendant is found partly responsible for damages, the courts will hold them jointly and severally liable for all damages . Each defendant is fully liable for the total judgement even if a particular defendant was negligent only to a slight degree. This leads to the inevitable view that a claimant is much less concerned with whether or not a defendant is at fault than with who is in the best position to pay for the alleged damages. Those who have insurance cover, who tend to be the consultants, are regarded as the more rewarding target. Building is a risky business 2.08 Any building operation carries risk for those involved, whether as owners, designers, builders or suppliers. Almost every building is its own prototype. Defects will occur, often without any of the participants being at fault. The cost of repair or replacement is high by comparison with many other artifacts. There needs to be a proper allocation of responsibilities among all of those involved, including those responsible for the continued maintenance of the building and for the renewal of its short-lived parts. Avoiding or reducing risk involves checking mechanisms which are costly particularly where there are innovative methods of construction. The cost of this checking has to be balanced against the cost attendant in the risks themselves, and the consumer has a right to choose where the money is to be spent. 2.09 As owners increase their requirements for the performance of the buildings they commission, so those buildings become more complex. A shortage of adequately skilled building operatives, coupled with deficiencies in site supervision by contractors, means that the incidence of defects rises. The difficulty of obtaining compensation leads to delay in making repairs, and hence to further increased costs. Professional Indemnity Insurance 2.10 Architects, like other professionals, have witnessed a sharp rise in the cost of indemnity insurance over the last few years. Premiums have roughly trebled to a point where today they represent on average about 7% of fee income, with some firms paying in excess of 10%. Firms have had to accept higher excesses and many have reduced the level of cover. Some have even chosen to practise without cover. 2.11 A growing number of clients, particularly in the public sector and following the lead of the PSA, are requiring cover to set levels related to fee income. Government Departments are seeking an undertaking from their consultants that they not only have the required cover but will maintain it for a period of six years from the completion of the project. This is creating problems since such cover is only available on a year by year basis, and no firm can anticipate what the cost may be in the future. This point has been strenuously made to Ministers and we are informed that the position is being reviewed, but firms are still being required to give an undertaking which, through no fault of their own, may prove incapable of fulfilment. 2.12 Insurance cover is at present generally available to firms at levels sufficient to meet the Government's requirements, but at a price. If a firm is unable to pass any increased premium costs on to a client in increased fees this can have a serious effect on the cash flow and profitability of the business. firm forced into liquidation before a claim is received will be unable to meet that claim when it does arise. Members in retirement 2.13 There are also problems for the member in retirement from practice, which could be at a relatively early age. He or she has no business income from which to maintain cover, and even if other means of maintaining it are available, the premiums will not be tax deductible. A continuing practice can sometimes provide cover for its former members in retirement, but probably for a limited period only. A scheme developed by the Architects Benevolent Society can provide limited cover for a reasonably modest premium, and is some help to those who have been retired from all practice for a number of years. Yet this may be beyond the reach of the frail and elderly retired architect, or of the widow of an architect who is the beneficiary under the Estate, who can receive notice of aclaim many years after practice ceased. We recently received information of one such possible claim against the Estate of an architect who died on 19 May 1982. That Estate could be represented by the widow's present home. 3. ACTION TAKEN BY THE RIBA TO COMBAT THESE PROBLXS Promotion of the case for change in the law 3.01 In July 1977 the RIBA submitted a memorandum to the Lord Chancellor's Law Reform Committee concerning limitation of actions. A copy of that memorandum was included in our response dated 25 April 1988 to the Study Team's questionnaire. In it we called for legislation to fix definite limitation periods of reasonable duration and to provide for co-ordinating and integrating existing insurance arrangements so that the public at large, as owners, tenants or visitors, are adequately protected. The RIBA memorandum was referred to in a footnote on page 17 to the Law Reform Committee's Twenty First Report, and the Study Team has a copy of this. 3.02 The RIBA submitted evidence to the Law Reform Committee in January 1982 and in March 1985 we commented on the Committee 's Twenty Fourth Report on Latent Damage . The Study Team has a copy of this comment, in which we found that whatever small benefit might accrue to a few potential claimants and defendants was by far outweighed by the added complexity and confusion of rules which would apply if the recommendations were passed into law. We called for the report to be rejected by the Government. 3.03 When, in 1986, the recommendations in the Twenty Fourth Report were translated into the Latent Damage Bill, the RIBA and others in the construction industry sought amendments which, in the interests of the consumer, would lead to greater certainty. Those amendments were opposed by the Government, and the Bill became law. �Project Insurance In December 1985 we made proposals to the Building EDC Insurance Feasibility Steering Committee in response to the Atkins Report mentioned above. The Study Team has a copy of these proposals which were for a system of latent defects insurance taken out on a project by project basis in the joint names of all the producers of the building for the benefit of the users . Call for a Government Inquiry .05 In February 1986 the Councils of the Institutes of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, in Scotland and in Ireland submitted a memorandum to the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry on Professional Indemnity Insurance and limitation of liability. The conclusion to this memorandum called on the Government, as a matter of urgency, to set up an inquiry into the desirability of and the possible methods of effecting limitation of liability for claims of negligence. The RIBA was among those who supported the ICA memorandum. 3.06 Further calls for change in the law came in a debate in the House of Lords in March 1987 on Civil Liability and the Professions, during which the Duke of Gloucester, speaking as an architect, made a powerful contribution. The RIBA provided briefing material for the Duke. • 07 In April 1987 a delegation of the professions including the ICA, the Law Society, the Bar Council, Patent Agents, the ACE, the RICS and the RIBA met Paul Channon, then Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, to press the case for reform. Further submissions followed on the availability of insurance and on the requirements of the various professions for their members to hold insurance. It is understood that this joint invitation by the professions may have led to the setting up of the present inquiries which the RIBA welcomes. The RIBA Insurance Scheme The RIBA Insurance Scheme was launched in April 1986, at a time when the insurance market was extremely volatile, with premiums escalating. It is organised by the RIBA Insurance Agency Ltd, a joint company formed by the RIBA and Architects and Professional Indemnity Agencies Ltd (APIA) who have been involved in architects t indemnity insurance since 1920. The RIBA Scheme is open to architectural practices where at least of the principals are members of the RIBA and at least of the work is carried out in UK ofTices for construction in the UK. Special arrangements may be available for those who do not meet these eligibility requirements. The Scheme is based on a standard policy for 2250,000 in respect of each and every claim, with additional layers available up to at least Although is the recommended minimum cover, for very small practices the Scheme will in suitable cases make available cover of moo,ooo. Central to the operation of the Scheme is a continuing dialogue between the professions, the brokers and the underwriters, providing feedback in both directions concerning liability, claims experience and statistics. The RIBA receives a small proportion of the premium income to the Scheme which is devoted wholly to reducing the vulnerability of members to claims of professional negligence. This includes counsel ling and educational initiatives, promoting and pursuing legislative changes and seeking improved insurance protection. A particular feature of the Scheme is the RIBA t s right, if requested by an assured, to intercede with underwriters where there is any dispute about repudiation of a claim or voiding a policy. The Scheme has grown steadily since its launch, and there are signs that its introduction has had a steadying effect on the insurance market. Indeed, at the last renewal, many of those insured under the Scheme found their premiums slightly reduced. Promotion of Sound Practice 3.12 Over the past 25 or so years the RIBA, alone and with others, has mounted a sustained programme in support of sound practice, through the publication of a series of handbooks, guides, practice notes and other aids with the aim of improving the management of architectural practice and thereby reducing risk. Among the best known are the RIBA Plan of Work for Design Team Operation, the Handbook of Architectural Practice with a fifth edition in preparation, and the Job Book with a fourth edition to be published this autumn. The Practice supplement to the RIBA Journal, first issued in 1984, aims to inform members of developments in the law, in forms of contract, in conditions of appointment, in planning and building control, and other practice matters. The recent publication of conventions for co-ordinated project information, including the Common Arrangement of Work Sections for Specifications and Bills of Quantities, represented the culmination nine years combined efTort by architects, surveyors, engineers and builders, with Government help, to improve the quality of the information that passes between the various members of the building team and to reduce errors. 3.13 Continuing professional development will become compulsory for members of the RIBA in 1993. Distance learning packages covering all aspects of practice are currently being produced in a collaborative venture with the University of London. A range of support services including seminars and conferences is provided on a commercial basis by RIBA Services, and a new edition of the National Building Specification, in Common Arrangement format, will be available to subscribers early in 1989. Guidelines to sound practice, incl uding reference lists, were first published by the RIBA in 1986 and were issued free to all members. They are part of the syllabus for the RIBA Examination in Professional Practice. They have just been revised and will shortly be re-published. Sound Practice is further encouraged by explaining and promoting the concept of Quality Assurance. Research 3.14 The RIBA has been involved from its inception in an international study of post-contract liability being carried out by a working party of the International Council for Building Research Studies and Documentation (CIB) . An RIBA working party is studying methods of building procurement with a view to clarifying the roles, relationships and responsibilities of the various parties. This is leading to amendments to the RIBA Architect's Appointment and to the JCT forms of building contract to sharpen the definition of' these roles. Disputes and Complaints 3.15 The Architect's Appointment provides for the resolution of differences and disputes between architect and client. Where such a dispute relates to fees charged and the parties agree to refer it to the RIBA, the RIBA will give an opinion provided that that opinion is sought on a joint statement of undisputed facts and the parties undertake to accept it as final and binding upon them. There is separate provision for arbitration in which the RIBA takes no part. 3.16 The RIBA has also developed a procedure for the resolution of complaints by clients about the services of architects by conciliation. The intention is to restore accord between willing parties by the persuasion of a conciliator whom they trust. The procedure is informal and confidential. Either party can withdraw at any time without loss of rights in law. By definition it is imprecise, and this quality is both its strength and its weakness: strength in flexibility, weakness in authority; dependence on a willingness to resolve a difference. The scheme is operated on a regional basis and relies wholly on the skill and judgement of experienced members. 3.17 Separately a working party is investigating how best the RIBA can ascertain the nature and extent of any deficiencies in the performance of its members in respect of which complaints relating to quality of service are received, and considering how disciplinary aspects should be handled by the Institute. PRIORITIES FOR REFORM Objectives 14.01 Because of the complexity of the problems that arise from latent defects in buildings, it may be helpful to the Study Team if we set out the objectives that should be aimed at in any reforms. What follows is based on part of the RIBA submission to the Lord Chancellor's Department in March 1985 on the Twenty Fourth Report of the Law Reform Committee on the subject of latent damage . 0.02 In our view the objectives for reform should be: a. Certainty of prompt compensation Both certainty and promptitude are necessary, if only because the owners of defective buildings seldom have the funds available to enable them to mitigate their losses and prevent progressive deterioration. Prompt remedying of defects in buildings would substantially reduce the total damage bill. Attainment of this objective will almost certainly involve insurance provisions of some kind. Certainty as to the period during which compensation will be available In order that the risks may be insurable there has to be a known or readily ascertainable date on which responsibility clearly passes from the producers of the building to the owners. We are informed by insurers that 90% of all latent defects are manifest within ten years of completion. Ten years is a period in harmony with much EEC practice. It is a period after which the residual risk would be reasonably insurable as an extension of normal building owners' policies on an annual renewal basis . Certainty ag to the amount of compensation which is available At present, provided that culpability can be established, there is in theory no upper limit to the amount of compensation that may be awarded. In practice unlimited insurance is not available, while the assets otherwise of those found culpable are finite. There may therefore be a right without a remedy. Legislation is needed to limit available compensation possibly with a factor for inflation. Risks of substantial consequential loss should be insured by owners, who are the only parties to have the knowledge of the sum to be insured. The producers of buildings cannot insure nor can underwriters estimate the risk of future consequential losses. d. An equitable sharing of the burden of compensation The present law, particularly that relating to contribution, can operate with great inequity. Minor tortfeasors can find themselves liable for the whole of the loss for the simple reason that they are the only parties left extant and with means. A fair allocation of risk demands that a particular defendant is liable only for that share of the damages which is judged to be caused by his or her own negligence. e. The incorporation of provisions in respect of' the building control inspectorate Local authorities are commonly joined in litigation relating to latent damage where there is risk to health and safety. The same considerations will apply to any private alternative through Approved Inspectors under the Building Act 198 14 , always assuming that satisfactory insurance arrangements can be found for such persons . The need to resort to litigation only as an exception Under present arrangements, litigation or at least the threat of it is the normal route to compensation. Because of the complexity of the building process and the many parties involved, legal and witness costs represent by far the greater proportion of the total costs suffered by defendants and their insurers. If claims could be settled without recourse to litigation these costs would be substantially reduced. In the final analysis, the cost of defects assurance becomes a charge on the product. Any reduction in legal costs would be to the benefit of consumers. �Sound Practice 4.03 While working towards the achievement of these objectives for reform the RIBA will continue to promote sound practice through continuing professional development, with a view to reducing the incidence of error. HOW THESE REFORMS CAN BEST BE IMPIMENTED Amending Legislation There is no way short of amending legislation that the objectives for reform described in the previous section can be achieved. The RIBA has in the past urged that defects in building, because of their complexity and the number of parties involved, cannot readily be dealt with by generic legislation. We find it strange that that argument has met with resistance, particularly since building is already subject to a special regime of control and legislation. The Defective Premises Act 1972 is a precedent for the kind of reforming legislation that we are proposing, although only applicable to dwellings. The legislation that we are seeking, very much along the lines of our memorandum to the Lord Chancellor's Law Reform Committee of July 1977, would be applicable generally to defective premises and would establish the date on which a cause of action accrues; limit the time within which any action may normally be brought ; . limit the amount of compensation by reference to building costs or professional flees or to that which it would be reasonable to cover by insurance ; exclude liability for consequential loss; provide for each tort feasor to be liable only for his or her own torts. Defects Insurance Reference has earlier been made to the RIBA t s submission to the Insurance Feasibility Steering Committee of the Building EDC. The report of that Committee is eagerly awaited. If, as we understand, the Committee will be recommending some form of defects liability project insurance, then this is likely to enjoy the support of the RIBA. We will hope that early effect can be given to any such recommendations. 12 Compulsory Insurance 5 .014 Given reforms on the lines described, the RIBA considers that it would be right and proper for professional firms to be required to carry an appropriate degree of professional indemnity insurance cover, and for schemes to be considered which would meet claims against the uninsured, claims where the professional person had died and the estate had been distributed, and claims against those in retirement. The RIBA would expect similar provisions to apply to all the others concerned with the design and construction of buildings . The Public Interest 5.05 It will be clear to the Study Team from what has earlier been stated that the reforms mooted here are regarded as being very much in the public interest. RIBA September 1988 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource RIBA Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived JA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Sep-88